Collection Summary
Mexican Revolution Newspaper Clippings Archive 1911-1913
1911-1913
HISP655057
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
472 clippings in one box
1 container
1 linear foot
English
Collection material inEnglish.
Hispanic Division, Library of Congress
Washington, D.C.
A selection of English language news clippings from the early years of the Mexican Revolution. The articles, donated from the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, capture many of the important events that spurred the revolution including the rise of the revolutionaries and the fall of dictator Porfirio Díaz.
Selected Search Terms
The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the LC Catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically.
People
Díaz, Porfirio, 1830-1915.
Limantour, José Yves, 1854-1935.
Madero, Francisco I., 1873-1913.
Organizations
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Mexican Revolution newspaper clippings archive. 1911-1913.
Subjects
American newspapers.
Americans--Mexico.
Investments, Foreign--Mexico.
Places
Mexico--Economic conditions--20th century.
Mexico--History--Revolution, 1910-1920.
Provenance
The Mexican Revolution Newspaper Clippings Archive was given to the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress in 1939. Transferred to the Hispanic Division in Jan. 11, 1983, where they are identified as part of the Hispanic Reading Room's Reference Collection.
Processing History
A list of titles with their respective annotations was compiled by Christina Turiano in 2013. Maria Suarez performed additional editing and page number research in 2014.
Copyright Status
The status of copyright in the Mexican Revolution Newspaper Clippings is governed by the Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17, U.S.C.).
Access and Restrictions
The Mexican Revolution Newspaper Clippings are open to research. Researchers are advised to contact the Hispanic Division Reading Room prior to visiting.
Preferred Citation
Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Box number 1, Mexican Revolution Newspaper Clippings Archive, Hispanic Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Scope and Content Note
The Mexican Revolution Newspaper Clippings Archive is an archive of English language news clippings compiled by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace documenting the early years of the Mexican Revolution. The articles capture many of the important events that spurred the revolution, including the rise of the revolutionaries and the fall of dictator Porfirio Díaz. The archive includes chronological daily updates on the revolution and many events are covered multiple times in a variety of different newspapers. Although the majority of the articles document basic information on the status of the revolution each day, there are also several articles that announce important events including specific rebel attacks in Mexico, Díaz’s consideration of exile to Spain, and the election of President Francisco I. Madero. Some articles were written with headlines that could incite fear and anger (1912 April 26 –
New York American
. "Unprotected Americans Protest an Incompetent Chief Executive"), while others were written with the intent to dispel those emotions (1912 March 30 –
New York Times
. "Needless Alarm About Mexico"). Many articles reference José Yves Limantour, the Mexican Secretary of Finance under the Díaz regime. Limantour was an advocate for the economic interests of foreigners in Mexico and appears frequently in the clippings archive. Although the majority of the clippings are from New York publications, sources from other locations are included. New York financiers would have been very interested in the developments in the economic condition of Mexico throughout the revolution. Overall, the archive offers a comprehensive review of the events of the revolution as they occurred from early 1911 until early 1913.
The publications included in the archive include the
New York Times
, the
New York Sun
, the
New York Tribune
, the
New York Herald
,
New York World
, the
New York Press
, the
New York American
, the
Brooklyn Eagle
, the
Brooklyn Citizen
, the
Washington Post
, the
Washington Herald
, the
Washingon Star
, the
London Times
, the
Kansas City Post
, the
San Francisco Chronicle
,
St. Paul Pioneer Press
, the
Buffalo Courier
, and the
Financial Times of London
.
Arrangement of the Papers
This collection is arranged chronologically in four parts:
- February 26, 1911 - March 16, 1911
- March 17, 1911 - July 31, 1911
- August 1, 1911 - December 24, 1911
- February 8, 1912 - February 23, 1913
Container List
Folder
Contents
1
February 26, 1911 - March 16, 1911
February 26, 1911 - March 16, 1911
(121 items)
1
Rebels open Agency, February 26, 1911
February 26, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 10: Discussion of the opening of a "confidential agency" representing the revolutionary party in Washington. The head of the agency is described as Dr. Francisco Vasquez Gomez, former physician to dictator Porfirio Díaz.
2
Talk of Peace in Mexico, February 27, 1911
February 27, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 4: The article announces that President Díaz wishes to negotiate with the revolutionary party at the border to arrange for the "termination of hostilities."
3
Chihuahua in Peril; Diaz Troops Moved, February 28, 1911
February 28, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 4: The article announces that Díaz has halted trains in northern Mexico, and that Dr. Vasquez Gomez has heard of peace envoys but cannot be held responsible for private negotiations. The article also announces a petition from San Antonio to the President and Congress to cease involvement in the revolution.
4
To Outflank Madero: Second Expedition Starts From Juarez- Troubled Mexican States, February 28, 1911 T
February 28, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p.2: The article announces the departure of federal troops from Juárez toward Chihuahua, several unsuccessful escape attempts at the Chihuahua penitentiary, and the impact of insurrecto involvement on the Yaqui River Railroad in Sonora.
5
Federals Expect to Flank Madero, February 28, 1911
February 28, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article announces the departure of federal troops from Júarez toward Chihuahua, and the arrest of the escapees from the Chihuahua penitentiary.
6
More Talk of Peace Offer, February 28, 1911
February 28, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, (No page number located): The article announces that Dr. Vasquez Gomez has been invited to negotiate with peace envoys at Corpus Christi, Texas.
7
Few Troops in Juarez, February 28, 1911
February 28, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 3: The article announces that Díaz has halted trains in northern Mexico, that federal troops have left Juárez, and that American property has suffered the imposition of taxes.
8
Two Days’ Fight at Ladura Ended With Dynamite, February 28, 1911
February 28, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 11: The article announces an insurgent attack on Ladura that included the use of dynamite to immediately elicit a surrender, and a tribute levied on local merchants, but not Americans. The article also mentions the attempted escapes from the Chihuahua penitentiary, a message relaying that insurgents are headed for Tia Juana, the theft of dynamite by insurrectos from a mine near Jimulco, and the San Antonio petition to the President and Congress to cease involvement in the revolution.
9
Rebellion Moving South: Railroads of Chihuahua Practically Out of Business, March 1, 1911
March 1, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 14: The article announces the Mexican government’s decision to remove its best cars from the Chihuahua-Mexico city line as a result of burned bridges and insurrecto involvement. It is mentioned that the rebels are under control of several railroads, where trains are frequently held up and passengers are taxed.
10
The Truth About Mexico and What Caused the Revolution, March 1, 1911
March 1, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 10: The article is a brief review of the revolution in Mexico that references the significance of Chihuahua and the insurrecto support of Madero. The article discusses the reasons behind the revolution, and the costly beautification of Mexico City as a significant factor contributing to the anger of the average Mexican.
11
Mexican Minister Sails for America, March 2, 1911
March 2, 1911
Published in the Washington Star, (No page number located): The article announces that José Yves Limantour, Mexico’s Minister of Finance, is headed from Paris to New York, with Yucatan as his final destination. The author writes that Limantour’s ideal peace plan would include the surrender of the insurrectos.
12
Plot to Kidnap Casasus: Reported that Rebels Will Seize Mexico’s Special Ambassador, March 2, 1911
March 2, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 2: The article announces the insurrecto plot to kidnap Mexico’s Special Ambassador Joaquin Casasus upon his return to Mexico from his trip to the U.S.
13
Plot to Kidnap Envoy of Mexico Reported, March 2, 1911
March 2, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 8: The article announces the insurrecto plot to kidnap Mexico’s Special Ambassador Joaquin Casasus upon his return to Mexico from his trip to the U.S. A rumor that the insurrectos were hoping to hold him for ransom is revealed.
14
Chihuahuans Starve as Revolution Brings All Business to Standstill, March 2, 1911
March 2, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 8: The article outlines the economic situation of Mexico as a result of the revolution, referencing the impact of insurrecto involvement on large haciendas, railroads, American property and bank affairs.
15
Foreign Investment Imperiled, March 2, 1911
March 2, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 8: The article discusses the vast amount of foreign investment in Chihuahua, and the disastrous effects of the revolution on the economy of the region and the success of the companies.
16
Seized on American Soil, March 2, 1911
March 2, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 10: The article announces the arrival of two men on American soil from Mexico, and reports the burning of dozens of bridges in Mexico.
17
Laughs at Bullets: Mexican Rebel Faces Garrison, Defying Federal Troops, March 2, 1911
March 2, 1911
Published in the Washington Star, (No page number located): The article discusses a conflict in which Ciro V. Amarilla, a "jefe politico," has been removed from Chihuahua City. It is mentioned that he had requested American soldiers to escort him to Texas, but was refused. The article also references the death threats that Amarilla faces from insurrectos if he attempts to travel without guards, and a recent rebel attack near Iguala, Guerrero.
18
Predict Change in Mexico Officials, March 3, 1911
March 3, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 8: The article announces various reassignments within the Díaz government, including the elevation of José Yves Limantour to Minister of Foreign Relations. References are made to the objections of the insurrectos, and the impact of the revolution on railroads.
19
Both Sides Kept Busy in Chihuahua Avoiding Battle, March 3, 1911
March 3, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 8: The article discusses the economic impact of the revolution on American investors and their property. The role of Chihuahua as the center of the revolutionary unrest is discussed.
20
Senor Limantour Starts for Home, March 3, 1911
March 3, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 8: The article announces that José Yves Limantour, Mexico’s Minister of Finance, is headed from Paris to New York, with Yucatan as his final destination. The author writes that Limantour’s ideal peace plan would include the surrender of the insurrectos.
21
Mexicans Banquet Gamboa: Barcelona Preparing to Welcome the Special Ambassador, March 3, 1911
March 3, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 3: The article announces a banquet to be held in honor of Señor Gamboa in Barcelona, the special Mexican Ambassador.
22
Fight Toward Chihuahua: Madero’s Rebels Have the Rest of Mexican Troops, March 3, 1911
March 3, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 14: The article announces that the federal troops are fighting the insurrectos near Chihuahua, and that the halted transportation and burned bridges have caused significant increases in prices in Chihuahua City.
23
Won’t Treat With Rebels: Mexico’s Foreign Minister Positively Denies Negotiations, March 3, 1911
March 3, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 2: The article announces that Enrique Creel, the current Minister for Foreign Affairs, has denied that any member of the Mexican government has been in contact with the revolutionary party regarding the possibility of peace negotiations.
24
Insurrectos Hem in Town of Chihuahua, March 3, 1911
March 3, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 11: The article discusses the economic impact of the revolution, including the rising costs of food and provisions, and the compromised success of businesses. It is also announced that Enrique Creel, the current Minister for Foreign Affairs, has denied that any member of the Mexican government has been in contact with the revolutionary party regarding the possibility of peace negotiations, and that Limantour is headed to New York from Paris.
25
Clash Near Chihuahua: Insurrectos Said to Have Been Successful in Battle, March 3, 1911
March 3, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 4: The article announces that the federal troops are fighting the insurrectos near Chihuahua, and that the insurrectos have been successful.
26
Fighting Close to Juarez, March 4, 1911
March 4, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 2: The article states that the American engineers in Mexico are refusing to contribute to the insurrecto cause, and that the federals are wary of conducting another battle in the open. It also announces that whether or not the U.S. decides to become involved in the revolution will be determined by the results of the negotiations.
27
Battle in Guerrero: The Mexican Revolt Spreads into Another State, March 4, 1911
March 4, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 4: The article announces that the revolution has spread to the state of Guerrero, and that Mazatlan has been looted by insurrectos.
28
Fighting Near El Paso, March 4, 1911
March 4, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 3: The article states that the American engineers in Mexico are refusing to contribute to the insurrecto cause, and that the federals are wary of conducting another battle in the open.
29
Fifty Federals Killed in Battle, March 4, 1911
March 4, 1911
Published in the Wshington Herald, p. 1: The article announces that fifty federal soldiers were killed, and General Luis Torres of Hermosillo was captured.
30
Plan to Give US Lower California, March 5, 1911
March 5, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 4: The article announces Mexico’s plan to give Lower California to the United States as a result of the constant expense it has been for Mexico. A territory of considerable wealth and potential, Americans have a strong interest in acquiring the territory.
31
Ambassador to Mexico Here Merely for a Visit, March 5, 1911
March 5, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, (No page number located): The article seeks to clarify numerous rumors that have been published claiming that U.S. Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson had been recalled by the State Department. The article insists that his trip to the U.S. was to visit his ill mother in Indiana, and that the trip unfortunately happened to coincide with the rumors.
32
Ambassador Wilson Scouts Retirement, March 6, 1911
March 6, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 7: The article announces Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson’s response to the claims that he had been recalled by the State Department, saying that Wilson believes he has the friendship of nearly every American residing in Mexico, and that he does not consider the rumors important enough to officially deny.
33
Chihuahua Cut Off From Outside World, March 6, 1911
March 6, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 3: The article announces that although railroads through Chihuahua have been interrupted, and no damage has been done to the lines, the city has enough provisions for approximately two months and is in no danger of attack. A reference to the failing economy is made. The article also announces that Madero has released a statement denying and relationship to the newspaper The Regeneración.
34
Plan to Attach Chihuahua: 3,000 Rebels Advancing – Americans Kidnapped in U. S. Territory, March 6, 1911
March 6, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 12: The article announces that the revolutionary troops are preparing for battle, and that two Americans were captured approximately 500 feet from the border on U.S. soil. References are made to the continued impact of the revolution on railroads through Chihuahua.
35
A Siege of Chihuahua, March 6, 1911
March 6, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 4: The article announces that although railroads through Chihuahua have been interrupted, and no damage has been done to the lines, the city has enough provisions for approximately two months and is in no danger of attack. The article also announces a telegram to Secretary Knox from American Consul at Juárez Mr. Edwards formally requesting the return of the captured Americans.
36
'More Taxes Every Year' Plaint of Mexican Rebels, March 6, 1911
March 6, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 8: The article includes a first-hand account of the revolution from the perspective of an educated revolutionary, Don Luis Chavez. The revolutionary describes the incessant taxation of the poor and the differences between the current revolution and past revolutions, including the fact that past revolutions consisted of hacendados revolting against the government with support from their peons. Chavez states that the peons have finally realized that their interests and the interests of the elites are not the same.
37
Take Chihuahua and Juarez: Then Ask Recognition by U.S. Is Madero’s Plan, March 7, 1911
March 7, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 4: The article announces fighting between federal and rebel troops near Torreon, and the intention of the rebel troops to take Chihuahua and Juárez before asking to be recognized the U.S.
38
Madero’s Forces Near Chihuahua: Insurrectos Expect to Make City Headquarters, March 7, 1911
March 7, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 3: The article announces fighting between federal and rebel troops near Torreon, and the intention of the rebel troops to take Chihuahua and Juárez before asking to be recognized the U.S. The article also claims the insurrectos hope to make Chihuahua City their capital.
39
800 Rifles Seized at Mexican Border, March 7, 1911
March 7, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 9: The article announces that the U.S. has seized 800 rifles and 2,000 rounds of ammunition that was to be delivered to the insurrectos.
40
Mexican Insurgents Want No Aid from ‘Gringoes, March 7, 1911
March 7, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 9: The article announces that the insurrectos are averse to American aid, and that they feel that the Díaz regime favored foreign investment over poor Mexicans.
41
Twenty Thousand American Troops and Eight War Ships; Rushed to Mexican Border as Part of Big ‘War Game’; England’s Threat Said to Have Caused the Great Move, March 8, 1911
March 8, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 3: The article announces that American troops have positioned themselves at the U.S. Mexican border to show that they would be prepared to involve themselves in the conflict.
42
Mobilization of the Army, March 8, 1911
March 8, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 6: The article announces that American troops have positioned themselves at the U.S. Mexican border to show that they would be prepared to involve themselves in the conflict.
43
England’s Part in the Dispatch of Troops, March 8, 1911
March 8, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1: The article announces that government officials in England have expressed an interest in U.S. troops getting involved in the revolution so as to avoid the necessity of European intervention.
44
Serious View in London: Statement Regarding Maneuvers Not Accepted by English Press, March 8, 1911
March 8, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 3: The article announces that government officials in England have expressed an interest in U.S. troops getting involved in the revolution so as to avoid the necessity of European intervention. The primary concern of England is revealed to be the economic interests of foreigners residing in Mexico.
45
No Alarm in Mexico: Minister Creel Denies That Powers Have Complained, March 8, 1911
March 8, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 3: The article announces that Minister of Foreign Affairs Enrique Creel has denied having heard any reports of property damage from Americans or other foreigners in Mexico. Mexico’s official response to the U.S. troops stationed at the border is discussed.
46
U.S. Rushes Troops to Mexican Border, March 8, 1911
March 8, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1,2: The article announces that government officials in Europe have expressed an interest in U.S. troops getting involved in the revolution so as to avoid the necessity of European intervention. The primary concern of Great Britain and France is revealed to be the economic interests of foreigners residing in Mexico.
47
20,000 Troops and Two Naval Divisions to Mobilize Near Mexican Border, March 8, 1911
March 8, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that government officials in England have expressed an interest in U.S. troops getting involved in the revolution so as to avoid the necessity of European intervention. The primary concern of England is revealed to be the economic interests of foreigners residing in Mexico.
48
Troops Massed on Mexican Border, March 8, 1911
March 8, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 1: The article announces that American troops have positioned themselves at the U.S. Mexican border to show that they would be prepared to involve themselves in the conflict. The role of England in the decision to mobilize is discussed.
49
Great U.S. War Force in a Spectacular Dash to the Border of Mexico, March 8, 1911
March 8, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 1: The article announces that American troops have positioned themselves at the U.S. Mexican border to show that they would be prepared to involve themselves in the conflict. The role of England in the decision to mobilize, and U.S. consultation with the Díaz government are discussed.
50
On the Mexican Frontier, March 8, 1911
March 8, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 10: The article announces that troops have been positioned on the Mexican border, with many troops practicing in the gulf states.
51
Call Militia to War Game, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that troops have been positioned on the Mexican border, with many troops practicing along the Gulf state borders. Díaz’s health is addressed, and information is provided about Limantour’s recent meetings with local New York financiers and landowners in Mexico.
52
New Yorkers Figure in Mexican Problem: Minister Limantour Confers with Financiers Representing Vast Investments in Mexico, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 3: The article announces that the situation in Mexico is more serious than previously thought, and the property of American landowners is said to be at a great risk. Information is provided about Limantour’s recent meetings with local New York financiers and landowners in Mexico.
53
Taft is Not Acting on British Protest, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 4: The article announces that the London Foreign Service Office has not issued any demands to Washington regarding involvement in the revolution, and President Taft also denies acting on European pressure.
54
The Mexican Preparations, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 2: The article announces that American troops have positioned themselves at the U.S. Mexican border to show that they would be prepared to involve themselves in the conflict, and to express U.S. concern over the conflict in Mexico that is putting foreign property at risk.
55
Opposed to Intervention: Mexican Officials and Insurrecto Leaders Balk, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 3: The article discusses the issue of intervention from the perspective of Madero and the insurrectos. It states that official reports from Maderista officials assert that U.S. intervention would be inappropriate, and would mean war.
56
No Occasion for Alarm, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the Washington Hearld, p. 6: The article asserts that there is no reason for alarm, and that U.S. intervention in the Mexican conflict would be unnecessary.
57
Say Intervention Would Mean War, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the Washington Hearld, p. 4: The article asserts that there is no reason for alarm, and that U.S. intervention in the Mexican conflict would be unnecessary, and would mean war.
58
What the Mobilization Means, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York Hearld, p. 10: The article announces that American troops have positioned themselves at the U.S. Mexican border to show that they would be prepared to involve themselves in the conflict.
59
Mexico’s Finance Minister Sees No War Menace, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 3: The article asserts that José Yves Limantour believes that there is no reason for alarm, and that there is no chance of war. The article also references a statement by Francisco León de la Barra in which he claims that the revolution is only a "disturbance" in Chihuahua.
60
Our Troops on the Border, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 6: The article discusses the positioning of American troops on the Mexican border, and the role of foreign governments in the decision to bring the troops there. It also discusses the extent of the revolution in Mexico, acknowledging that the true extent of the revolution is not well known outside of the country.
61
Troops Off for Virginia on the Way to Texas, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 3: The article announces that troops on their way to Texas have passed through Jamestown, Virginia. It is also announced that the leading officer is acting strictly on commands issued from the War Department.
62
Why Are the Troops Sent? March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 6: The article discusses the reason for the mobilization of the troops, stating that the public is generally confused about the command. The article states that the official explanation that the government has issued describes the action simply as a series of maneuvers, however the amount of foreign investment in Mexico offers a different reasoning.
63
Mexican Councils Fluttered, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 2: The article announces that members of the Díaz government are not concerned about the uprisings in Mexico, nor about the U.S. troops massing near the border.
64
Diaz Recalls Reyes to Command Army? March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the Washington Hearld, p. 4: The article announces that Díaz has recalled General Bernard Reyes from Paris to lead the federal forces. It also references the U.S. mobilization of troops at the border, stating that the U.S. only intends to show that they would be prepared to involve themselves in the conflict if necessary.
65
President Diaz Dead is Report, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 4: The article announces the supposed death of Díaz, and asserts that the rumors regarding Mexican support for U.S. involvement are untrue.
66
Mexico Society's Members, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 10: The article states that while the Mexico Society of New York consists mainly of supporters of the Díaz regime, it was actually created by New York journalists who hoped to create an organization that would strengthen friendly relationships between the U.S. and Mexico.
67
Yankee Troops are Rushing Down, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 3: The article announces that Díaz’s health is in decline, and that Great Britain has threatened personal involvement if the U.S. does not take action in Mexico.
68
Death of Diaz Reported, But Not Verified, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article announces that although the death of Díaz has been reported, neither affirmations nor denials of the report have been secured. References are also made to the 20,000 U.S. troops at the Mexican border.
69
Mexican Officials Confer in Gotham: De La Barra and Limantour Go Over Situation, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 4: The article announces that José Yves Limantour and Francisco León de la Barra have met to discuss current affairs, and have stated that Díaz is in good health, the revolution is under control, and the U.S. forces at the border are simply taking part in a series of maneuvers.
70
Dictator Diaz is Dying; Our Army to Crush Chaos if His Government Falls, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 10: The article announces that Díaz is dying, and that the U.S. troops could enter Mexico if the Díaz regime falls in order to protect foreign interests.
71
Aged Ruler of Southern Republic Reported to Have Suddenly Passed Away, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number located): The article announces that although the death of Díaz has been reported, neither affirmations nor denials of the report have been secured.
72
Map of the Border and Mexican Strategy Points, March 9, 1911
March 9, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1: The article includes a map with indications of Mexican strategy points. References are made to the troops along the border, which are well prepared.
73
Fort Myer Officers Off to Mexico, March 10, 1911
March 10, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, (No page number located): The article discusses the reason for the mobilization of the troops, stating that it was likely due to European pressure or false information from individuals posing as the Mexican government. The article references the quick mobilization of the troops, and their preparedness
74
U.S. Troops to Aid in Crushing Revolt, March 10, 1911
March 10, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1,2: The article announces that the U.S. troops may offer aid in the revolution, on the command of U.S. President Taft. The reason for the mobilization of the U.S. troops at the Mexican border is discussed.
75
The Troops on the Border, March 10, 1911
March 10, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 6: The article discusses the reason for the mobilization of the troops, stating that the public is generally quiet about the command. The article states that the official explanation that the government has issued describes the action simply as a series of maneuvers, however the amount of foreign investment in Mexico may also be involved.
76
Expects an Invasion: Keifer Does Not Believe Army Mobilization Peaceful, March 10, 1911
March 10, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 2: The article announces that Representative Joseph Warren Keifer of Ohio claims that the mobilization of U.S. troops at the Mexican border is not for a series of maneuvers, but rather for another important reason that the President has not revealed.
77
Creel Wires World: Diaz is Well, Mexico Placid and Prosperous, March 10, 1911
March 10, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 3: The article announces that Minister of Foreign Affairs Enrique Creel has written that Díaz’s health is well, and that there is no reason for concern in Mexico.
78
Army On Border to Stop Clash in Diaz Domain, March 10, 1911
March 10, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 3: The article announces that President Taft’s officials have explained the mobilization of U.S. troops at the border as an attempt to stop the smuggling of weapons to insurrectos.
79
Taft to Stop Aid to Rebels and End Revolt, March 10, 1911
March 10, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that President Taft’s officials have explained the mobilization of U.S. troops at the border as an attempt to stop the smuggling of weapons to insurrectos.
80
Mr. Taft’s Duty to Mexico, March 10, 1911
March 10, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 8: The article argues that President Taft has a duty to Mexico not to give sanctuary or assistance to rebels working against the Mexican government.
81
Troops Are Sent When Germany Threatens Action, March 10, 1911
March 10, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article discusses the reason for the mobilization of the troops, stating that it was likely due to German pressure and upholding the Monroe Doctrine. The article references the importance of protecting foreign interests in Mexico.
82
Madero Defeated With Great Loss, March 10, 1911
March 10, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 4: The article announces that after a battle at Old Casas Grandes, Madero was defeated and both the rebels and the federal troops suffered significant losses.
83
Tells of Secret Pact: Mexico, Financier Says, has Treaty With Japan, March 11, 1911
March 11, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 3: The article announces a secret pact between Mexico and Japan regarding an offensive and defensive alliance. The article asserts that a Mexican financier provided the information, but that it is expected that the Japanese government will deny it.
84
U.S. to Maintain Peace in Mexico at All Hazards, March 11, 1911
March 11, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article asserts that President Taft’s officials have explained the mobilization of U.S. troops at the border as an attempt to stop the smuggling of weapons to insurrectos. It also announces that Baron Uchida of Japan has denied any interest in involvement in the conflict.
85
A Dangerous Situation, March 11, 1911
March 11, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 6: The article discusses the impact of the mobilization of the U.S. troops at the Mexican border, claiming that mobilization will either have been a costly expenditure that yielded no results, or interpreted as encouraging war.
86
To Patrol Mexican Coast: Cruiser Tacoma Ordered From Honduras, March 11, 1911
March 11, 1911
Published in the New york Sun, p. 1: The article announces that two scout cruiser vessels from Pensacola and Honduras have been ordered to patrol the Mexican coast.
87
No Danger of War, March 11, 1911
March 11, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 12: The article refers to American interests in Mexico, the need to be cautious with Mexican correspondence, and the conservative nature of President Taft, who holds the confidence of many Americans.
88
Taft and Knox Reported Split on Mexico Plan, March 11, 1911
March 11, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that Secretary of State Knox and Acting Secretary Wilson disapprove of the mobilization of troops, but that army officials have stated that more troops may be mobilized under the command of President Taft. A dispatch from Díaz is included stating that his health is "perfect".
89
Mexican Envoy Wants No Troops to Cross Border, March 11, 1911
March 11, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 1: The article announces that Francisco León de la Barra has denounced the act of U.S. intervention as unconstitutional and unnecessary. The article also asserts that José Yves Limantour has blamed the mobilization of troops on European pressure to protect foreign interests.
90
Mexico’s Naval Weakness, March 11, 1911
March 11, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 6: The article discusses Mexico’s large coastline, lack of a navy, and need to rely on U.S. protection.
91
Where the Mexican System Fails, March 12, 1911
March 12, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 8: The article discusses the lack of democratic elections in Mexico, and the fact that an autocrat no longer seems to be the best form of leadership for the Mexican people.
92
Rumors of Mexican Parley: Because Insurgents Gather Where Limantour Is, March 12, 1911
March 12, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 1: The article discusses rumors regarding meetings between Madero and Díaz officials, and debunks various other rumors. References are made to U.S. intervention and the Díaz officials continue to assert that it is not being considered.
93
Diaz Asks Right to Kill All Rebels, March 12, 1911
March 12, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1,7: The article announces that Díaz has asked permission from the Congress Commission to kill insurrectos that oppose his regime. The article also references Limantour’s statement that he has no plans to become president.
94
American Legion Exterminated in Mexican Battle, March 12, 1911
March 12, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article announces the deaths of several Americans in a recent battle at Casas Grandes, from the first-hand account of an American survivor. References are also made to England’s lack of interest in U.S. interest in Mexico.
95
20,000 More Troops Will Be Rushed to Mexican Line, San Antonio Hears, March 13, 1911
March 13, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 3,4: The article announces that the mobilized troops will be doubled in response to increased insurrecto activity in Chihuahua.
96
Meaning Business in Mexico, March 13, 1911
March 13, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 6: The article discusses the role of the U.S. in the Mexican conflict, which is referred to as a "guerilla campaign of assassination, arson, larceny and general devastation," and not an organized revolution. References are made to Americans fighting with the insurrectos.
97
German Press Doubts Faith of Washington / British Not Alarmed: See No Reason for Concern Over Conditions in Mexico, March 13, 1911
March 13, 1911
Published in the Washington Star, p. 2: The article discusses the role of Germany in the revolution, and it’s disapproval of the U.S. government’s failure to clearly explain their mobilization of troops.
98
The United States and Mexico, March 13, 1911
March 13, 1911
Published in the Washington Star, (No page number located): The article asserts that it is the responsibility of the U.S. to keep the Mexican conflict from reaching U.S. territory.
99
Observers of Mexican Rule: Two Americans Who Know the Situation Down There, March 13, 1911
March 13, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 7: The article announces updates on the Mexican situation from the perspective of Americans who reside in Mexico. The Americans claim that the conflicts have not affected their property, and remain in local regions of northern Mexico.
100
Several Thousand Americans See a Mexican Victory, March 13, 1911
March 13, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 1: The article announces that at a recent battle over the Arizona border in Agua Prieta was successful for the federal troops because of their firearm advantage. The federal troops were armed with rifles and machine guns, while the revolutionaries had rifles, but lacked more modern weapons.
101
Rebels More Active; To Give No Quarter, March 13, 1911
March 13, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that the battle at Agua Prieta was unsuccessful for the revolutionaries, and that several Americans were involved in the conflict. Information received from Madero claims that the failure was due to a lack of communication.
102
Northern Mexico is Bordering on Panic, March 13, 1911
March 13, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 2: The article announces that the battle at Agua Prieta was unsuccessful for the revolutionaries, and that several Americans were involved in the conflict. It is asserted that further conflict is probable.
103
The Mexican Presidency, March 13, 1911
March 13, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 8: The article discusses the requirements for one to take up the Mexican presidency, asserting that José Yves Limantour and Enrique Creel are ineligible because of their parents.
104
Foolish Talk About Invasion, March 14, 1911
March 14, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 2: The article considers the reasoning behind the mobilization of U.S. troops to the Mexican border, and Mexican interpretation of the action.
105
Both Sides Have Rights, March 14, 1911
March 14, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 6: The article discusses the withdrawal of the U.S. troops at the Mexican border, attributing it to Mexican disapproval and public distrust of President Taft in the U.S.
106
Our Responsibility, March 14, 1911
March 14, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 6: The article asserts that the U.S. would only be responsible for an invasion of Mexico if the Mexican government were unable to protect foreign interests.
107
Insurrectos Active Along the Border, March 14, 1911
March 14, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article announces that unconstitutional deprivation of rights for the insurrectos will be passed in the Mexican congress, and that insurrectos activity along the border has increased.
108
Invasion Only If Mexico Fails to Act, March 14, 1911
March 14, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 1: The article asserts that the U.S. would only be responsible for an invasion of Mexico if the Mexican government were unable to protect foreign interests.
109
Would Crush Revolt: G. C. Kniffer Thinks United States Should Aid Diaz, March 14, 1911
March 14, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 3: The article announces that Gilbert C. Kniffer has stated that the U.S. troops should intervene in the Mexican conflict, and that it would be good for business.
110
Diaz a Sufferer From Sclerosis: Mexican President’s Successor Decided Upon in the Event of His Death, March 14, 1911
March 14, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article asserts that Díaz is suffering from arterial sclerosis, and that a capable successor has been selected.
111
New War Plan Approved: Commission of Mexican Congress Gives Unanimous Assent, March 14, 1911
March 14, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 2: The article announces that Mexico’s war plan to limit the rights of revolutionaries has passed through the Mexican congress, and the U.S. is already sending additional troops to the border in preparation for an escalated conflict.
112
Diaz Describes His Daily Habits; Never Better, He Tells the World, March 15, 1911
March 15, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 1: The article describes an interview with Díaz in which he asserts that he is in perfect health.
113
May Move Army to Mexican Border, March 15, 1911
March 15, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 2: The article announces that the conflict in Mexico is much more serious than information from Mexican officials would suggest. The article also mentions that the insurrectos are very active, and that recent information from a general in San Antonio conveyed a need for more troops on the El Paso border due to continued unrest in Chihuahua.
114
American Criminals in Mexico, March 15, 1911
March 15, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 6: The article addresses the presence of Americans in Mexico that have joined the insurrecto cause and are fighting against the Mexican government. The article asserts that these men are not to be sympathized with, and are breaking both U.S. and Mexican law.
115
Limantour Not Conferring: Five Maderos Here Now For Something, March 15, 1911
March 15, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 2: The article announces that Limantour and other Díaz officials have not met with the insurrectos, and refuse to do so until the lay down their arms.
116
Release of Americans in Mexican Jail Demanded; Envoy Says United States Citizens Stir Revolt, March 15, 1911
March 15, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 1: The article discusses the status of the American citizens who had been captured by Mexican authorities on U.S. land after assisting the insurrectos. The article also makes a reference to the anti-American sentiments in Mexico.
117
Facts Concerning Mexico and Diaz’s Rise to Power, March 15, 1911
March 15, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 3: The article lists various facts about Mexico, including the population, its international status, and its major economic goods.
118
Boundary Dispute Develops: Rio Grande Shifts Its Bed Between Mexico and U. S., March 16, 1911
March 16, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 2: The article announces a recent border dispute regarding the location of conflicts around the Rio Grande. The article asserts that the two men who were captured while fighting for the insurrectos were determined to have been captured on U.S. land.
119
The Personal Pledge of Every American Citizen, March 16, 1911
March 16, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 6: The article quotes the Supreme Court’s ruling on the role of the U.S. in foreign affairs during times of war.
120
Dispute Over Detention of Two Americans in Mexico Heightens; National Guard Forces May Be Sent..., March 16, 1911
March 16, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 1: The article announces that the border dispute regarding the capture of the two Americans who were fighting for the revolutionary cause has escalated into a larger conflict that may require additional U.S. troops along the Mexican border.
121
Limantour Steals Away: The Mexican Finance Minister Leaves City Secretly, March 16, 1911
March 16, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 4: The article announces that Limantour has departed for Mexico, and that he has blamed the escalation of events in Mexico in large part on the manner in which the U.S. press chose to report it.
2
March 17, 1911 - July 31, 1911
March 17, 1911 - July 31, 1911
(131 items)
1
Limantour Moves, Veiled in Mystery, March 17, 1911
March 17, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1: The article asserts that José Yves Limantour’s return to Mexico will bring changes to the Mexican government, and could possibly help resolve the conflict.
2
A Case for Making Sure, March 17, 1911
March 17, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 6: The article argues that both sides in the border dispute have reason to be concerned about the situation and the fate of the American prisoners. A reference is also made to the genuine belief of both parties that the incident occurred on their territory.
3
Making Work for Mr. Knox, March 17, 1911
March 17, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 8: The article announces that Secretary of State Knox had no part in the decision to mobilize U.S. troops at the Mexico border, and that his response to the situation will shed light on the "war game."
4
Gen. Carter’s Army Ready to Move on an Hour’s Notice, March 17, 1911
March 17, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 3: The article announces that the San Antonio public does not believe the explanation that the troops had been mobilized for a series of maneuvers. References are also made to the escalation and spreading of the revolution, and the guarding of the American consulate.
5
Nab Mexican Spy: Police Question Alleged Employee of Diaz Regime, March 17, 1911
March 17, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1,2: The article announces that a spy employed by the Díaz regime, James D. Hallen, has been caught in Washington, having attempted to break into the law offices of the revolutionary party. The article states that proof was found in the form of correspondence between the spy and the Díaz regime.
6
Orders Given Troops to Be Ready to Move, March 18, 1911
March 18, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article states that troops along the border have been preparing for intervention, and that none of the troops are convinced of the explanation that the mobilization is for the purpose of a series of maneuvers.
7
Palace of Diaz Stoned by a Mob, March 18, 1911
March 18, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 3: The article announces that the palace of Díaz has been attacked by a mob of Madero supporters. The article states that the Mexican government has suppressed news of the attack.
8
Endless Supply of Maderos to Keep Up Revolt Against Diaz, March 18, 1911
March 18, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 5: The article states that Madero has seven brothers and various other relatives that could continue the revolution in the event of his death. The article discusses the relationship between the Maderos and the wealth of their grandfather.
9
Madero Seeks a Capital: Insurgent Leader Has No Idea of Stopping War, March 18, 1911
March 18, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1: The article announces that Madero hopes to make a capital for the revolutionists just south of El Paso in the state of Chihuahua. It is revealed that he does not intend to stop the revolution.
10
Will Blow Up Bridges to Stop Limantour, March 18, 1911
March 18, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1: The article announces that rebels have planned to destroy bridges and railroads in Northern Mexico to impede the return of José Yves Limantour. It is stated that officials are not concerned, and remain confident about restoring order.
11
Limantour on the Magazines, March 19, 1911
March 19, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that Limantour has departed for Mexico, and that he has blamed the escalation of events in Mexico in large part on U.S. muckraking journalism.
12
Expect Big Change in Mexican Cabinet, March 19, 1911
March 19, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 2: The article announces that changes will occur in Díaz’s cabinet, starting with the replacement of current Minister of Foreign Affairs Enrique Creel with José Yves Limantour.
13
Limantour Guarded Enters Rebel Zone, March 19, 1911
March 19, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that José Yves Limantour has crossed the border into Mexico, and is in a private train car with concealed windows.
14
On Peace Errand Limantour Enters Mexico in Peril, March 19, 1911
March 19, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 3: The article announces that José Yves Limantour has crossed the border into Mexico in a private train car. The article asserts that he has a peace plan.
15
Juarez Expects Attack: Madero Drawing His Scattered Insurgent Bands Together, March 19, 1911
March 19, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 2: The article announces that Madero is assembling troops near Juárez, and that Mexico City will hold festivities in honor of the return of Limantour.
16
Whole U. S. Force to Move Forward: Trains Ready at San Antonio- Troops Alert for a Sudden Start, March 20, 1911
March 20, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 1: The article states that troops along the border have been preparing for Intervention, and have begun advancing.
17
Peace in Mexico May Come This Week, March 20, 1911
March 20, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1: The article announces that officials in Washington, DC expect positive results from peace conferences between Limantour and other government officials in Mexico City.
18
Army to Move On: Gen. Carter’s Division Will Be in Field in Four Days, March 20, 1911
March 20, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1,2: The article announces that the U.S. army is getting prepared to move quickly in the event that the Díaz regime fails to grant concessions to the insurrectos and more violence ensues.
19
Must Uphold Diaz: Limantour Warns Mexicans of Peril of Intervention, March 21, 1911
March 21, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces that Limantour has denied that he has brought a peace agreement, and asserts that the Mexican government will not negotiate with the insurrectos as long as they are armed.
20
A Most Valuable Affair, March 21, 1911
March 21, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 8: The article sarcastically refers to the mobilization of the troops as a "most valuable affair," in which distrust between the U.S. and Mexico is created, and information is withheld by the President, among other things.
21
Taft Grasps Mexico Tangle, March 21, 1911
March 21, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 1: The article announces that President Taft returned from his vacation and has been getting up to date on the status of the revolution. It is stated that the president will meet with his cabinet the following day, and that the mobilized troops will be slowed.
22
Mexico Urges Mr. Taft to Recall Army, March 21, 1911
March 21, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 1,4: The article announces that officers of the Díaz regime are requesting that President Taft recall U.S. troops due to their negative reception in Mexico.
23
Limantour Home; Warmly Upholds Diaz, March 21, 1911
March 21, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1: The article announces that Limantour has denied that he has brought a peace agreement, and asserts that he is not interested in the presidency.
24
Rebel Force Likely to Take Hermosillo, March 21, 1911
March 21, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 2: The article announces that the rebel forces will likely take Hermosillo, and that Madero has stated that he would negotiate peace terms during an armed truce.
25
The Situation Clearing, March 21, 1911
March 21, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 6: The article announces a reduction of serious complications in Mexico as a result of the peace negotiations and halted activity in the field.
26
Madero Promises an Armed Truce Will Be Declared, March 21, 1911
March 21, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 4: The article announces that Madero intends to negotiate peace with the Díaz regime, and states that Limantour has denied any correspondence regarding peace.
27
Capital Hails Limantour: Crowd Greets Him as the Man to Save Mexico, March 21, 1911
March 21, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 2: The article announces that Limantour was greeted with a crowd in Mexico City, and is considered to be the peace negotiator. It also states that upon arrival, Limantour asserted that Díaz is the leader of Mexico, and that reforms are promised.
28
President Taft Refuses to Recall Troops at Mexican Envoy’s Behest, March 22, 1911
March 22, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 4: The article announces that President Taft does not intend to recall U.S. troops unless progress is visible. It also states that there are no signs of negotiations in Mexico.
29
It Was Big Business, March 22, 1911
March 22, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 10: The article announces that the White House has claimed that unrest in "Big Business" was the reason for the mobilization of troops at the Mexican border. The article asserts that President Taft’s recent regulation of zealous troops on the border suggests that this reasoning may be valid.
30
Taft Will Let Congress Order Troops Forward, March 22, 1911
March 22, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article announces that while there is no intention to allow U.S. troops to cross into Mexico, they will be ordered to do so by Congress if necessary.
31
Troops to Remain: Denied That Army Will Be Withdrawn from Texas, March 22, 1911
March 22, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces that the troops have not been recalled, and that they may be required to cross the border into Mexico on orders from Congress.
32
Taft Doesn’t Expect War: So Secretary Dickinson Tells Confederate Grays, March 22, 1911
March 22, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 4: The article announces that President Taft does not envision a conflict with Mexico, and references are made to the perspective of Secretary Dickinson.
33
Limantour Disappoints: No Signs of Peace Result from His Return, Taft’s Mexican Policy Justified, March 22, 1911
March 22, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 2: The article announces that Limantour’s lack of action upon returning to Mexico has been a disappointment. It is also state that Taft’s decision to mobilize troops was successful in that it assisted in bringing peace.
34
Limantour’s Return Dims Peace Hopes, March 22, 1911
March 22, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 3,4: The article announces that Limantour has not brought a peace agreement, and that Madero has claimed that peace negotiations will only be possible under arms.
35
Mexico’s Brighter Outlook, March 22, 1911
March 22, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 10: The article asserts that the situation in Mexico has improved, and that Limantour has proposed several reforms to pacify the insurrectos. The low likelihood of U.S. interference is referenced briefly.
36
The Mexican Outlook, March 22, 1911
March 22, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 6: The article asserts that the Mexican government will not negotiate with the insurrectos as long as they are armed. It also states that Limantour has suggested reforms, an action that may deter many Mexicans from joining the insurrectos.
37
Federals and Rebels Fire on U. S. Troops, March 23, 1911
March 23, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces that bullets crossed the border and targeted U.S. troops. It also states that the U.S. has halted the transfer of supplies, and is awaiting an official explanation for the shots fired.
38
Troops Sent to Stop Raids from Mexico, March 23, 1911
March 23, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 2,3: The article announces that U.S. troops have been sent to Terlingua to protect the border
39
Ride Hard to Save Terlingua: U.S. Troopers in a Race With Starving Insurrectos, March 23, 1911
March 23, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 5: The article announces that U.S. troops have been sent to Terlingua to protect the border from thefts as a result of starvation and lack of supplies in Northern Mexico.
40
Mr. Taft Not Alarmed by Political Attacks, March 23, 1911
March 23, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 4: The article announces that President Taft is not concerned about political backlash regarding his decision to mobilize U.S. troops at the Mexican border because he believes that his policies will win approval of the public.
41
Limantour Admits Failure: Could Not Reach Rebel Leader- Strong Feeling Against Government, March 23, 1911
March 23, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that Limantour recently admitted to not having a plan to resolve the issues in Mexico. It is stated that Limantour was confused about the negative sentiments in Mexico toward the Díaz regime, and acknowledged the need to rewrite the electoral laws.
42
Limantour Says Crisis Is Worse; No Plan to End It, March 23, 1911
March 23, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 1,5: The article announces that Limantour does not intend to concede to the rebel forces. It also states that although the government is considering rewriting the electoral laws, it is not to appease the rebels.
43
Predicts Intervention by First of May, March 24, 1911
March 24, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1,4: The article announces that U.S. intervention has been predicted to occur on May 1, 1911 if no signs of peace have appeared.
44
Four Americans Shot?: New Rumor of Summary Execution by Mexican Regular Troops, March 24, 1911
March 24, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 2: The article announces that four Americans were executed by Mexican troops in Arizona following their capture with insurrecto troops.
45
Mexicans Did Fire on Americans: U.S. Marshal Hears, March 24, 1911
March 24, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 7: The article announces that the U.S. Marshal has heard that Mexicans fired on Americans, although General Duncan believes he would have been notified if the firing had occurred.
46
Calls for Recruits: War Department Sends Urgent Order to Stations, March 24, 1911
March 24, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 3: The article announces that the U.S. is calling for recruits to send to the southwest to defend the U.S. border. It also states that mobilization of troops has been quick and successful.
47
Peace by May 1 Or Intervention, March 24, 1911
March 24, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces that U.S. intervention has been predicted to occur on May 1, 1911 if no signs of peace have appeared. It is announced that a warning has been sent to Madero.
48
Madero Expects to Take Juarez and Chihuahua, March 24, 1911
March 24, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article announces that the insurrectos are planning on attacking Juarez and Chihuahua, and that it is predicted to be the biggest uprising of the revolution thus far. It is also stated that the goal of the uprising is to mobilize trains in the north for supplies.
49
What Does Limantour Mean? March 24, 1911
March 24, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 10: The article announces that Limantour has returned to Mexico and stated that a distinct change in the support for the Díaz regime occurred in his absence, and that the insurrectos made an impact. The article suggests that Limantour spoke too freely for an officer of the Díaz regime.
50
Diaz’s Cabinet Resigns in Body, March 25, 1911
March 25, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1,3: The article announces that the cabinet of Díaz has resigned, with the exception of Limantour. The article suggests that the cabinet consisted of primarily men over sixty who had been officials of the Díaz regime for many years.
51
Mexican Rebels’ Plans, March 25, 1911
March 25, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 6: The article suggests that the insurrectos hope to provoke U.S. involvement in Mexico in order to create a war. It also refers to Díaz as "the best chief of state their country has ever had".
52
Madero Wins Battle: Federal Troops Reported Routed Near Chihuahua, March 25, 1911
March 25, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces that the insurrectos have one a decisive victory near Chihuahua, and intend to move toward Lower California to continue their rebellion in response to the suspension of their constitutional rights.
53
Diaz Cabinet Resigns to Reestablish Peace, March 25, 1911
March 25, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1,2: The article announces that the cabinet of Díaz has resigned, with the exception of Limantour. The article states that the U.S. was expecting the resignations and is not taken by surprise.
54
Mexican Cabinet Resigns; Gen. Diaz Defers Action, Mexican Cabinet Resigns in a Body, March 25, 1911
March 25, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 1: The article announces that the cabinet of Díaz has resigned, with the exception of Limantour. The article also references the bullets that went over the Texas border, stating that they were not intended for Americans and were accidental.
55
Cabinet of Diaz Resigns in a Body, March 25, 1911
March 25, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 1: The article announces that the cabinet of Díaz has resigned, with the exception of Limantour. The article also states that the resignations disappointed the U.S., who thought that a resolution would be possible.
56
President Diaz’s Entire Cabinet Suddenly Resigns: Excited Throngs Hear News in Mexican Capital, March 25, 1911
March 25, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 3: The article announces that the cabinet of Díaz has resigned, with the exception of Limantour. The article suggests that the cabinet consisted of primarily men over sixty who had been officials of the Díaz regime for many years.
57
Mexican Cabinet Resigns in Body; Situation Grave, Firing Upon U. S. Troops Explained, March 25, 1911
March 25, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article announces that the cabinet of Díaz has resigned, with the exception of Limantour. The article also references the bullets that went over the Texas border, stating that insurrectos mistook the Americans for federal troops.
58
Hundreds Are Killed in Two Days’ Battle, Outlook Indicates Peace for Mexico, March 27, 1911
March 27, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article announces that there were hundreds of casualties in the latest battle of the revolution near Tepic, and that most losses occurred on the federal side. The article also refers to Limantour’s promise to enact reforms to appease the insurrectos, stating that peace is possible if the insurrectos believe Limantour to be sincere.
59
De La Barra Sure New Cabinet Can Pacify Populace, Gen. Reyes Hailed Savior of Mexico, March 27, 1911
March 27, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article states that the Mexican Ambassador to the U.S. Francisco León de la Barra has left the U.S. to become Minister of Foreign Affairs in the new Díaz cabinet, which he believes will be able to pacify the people. The article also states that General Bernardo Reyes is a popular option to succeed Díaz.
60
Silver Lining to Mexico’s Cloud, March 27, 1911
March 27, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 4: The article suggests that although the resignation of Díaz’s cabinet is a clear victory for the insurrectos, the opportunity to create a new cabinet of more progressive officials could be positive for the Díaz regime.
61
Party Factions Play Strong Hand in Forming New Diaz Cabinet, March 27, 1911
March 27, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 7: The article announces the potential new cabinet members of the Díaz regime, and their significance.
62
March 27, 1911
March 27, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 4: The article announces that the rebels are disappointed with Díaz’s new cabinet, and will not end the insurrection until Díaz is captured.
63
De La Barra Tells of Diaz’s Reforms, March 27, 1911
March 27, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces Díaz’s planned reforms, including a contribution of $40,000,000 for irrigation systems and the nationalization of public lands.
64
Mexican Rebels to Lay Down Arms, March 27, 1911
March 27, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, (No page number located): The article announces that a compromise has been reached between the rebels and the Díaz government, including radical reforms.
65
Diaz Promises Reforms, March 27, 1911
March 27, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 10: The article suggests that the resignation of Díaz’s cabinet would not have occurred if not for the revolution. It also states that although there was significant economic progress during the Díaz regime, it has been at the expense of the poor.
66
Mexican Rebels Draw a Line on De La Barra Too, March 27, 1911
March 27, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 7: The article announces that the rebels have disapproved of new Foreign Minister de la Barra because of his close relationship to Díaz. The article also announces that the Díaz regime has not attempted to negotiate with Madero, and does not intend to.
67
Diaz Cabinet Is Named; Senor Limantour Remains, March 28, 1911
March 28, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 7: The article announces the new cabinet members of the Díaz regime, and their significance. The article also mentions that a peace agreement may be made a San Antonio.
68
Diaz Announces His New Cabinet, March 28, 1911
March 28, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 5: The article announces that Díaz has selected a new cabinet. A letter from former Foreign Minister Enrique Creel is included, with a statement in support of Díaz’s decision to choose new cabinet members.
69
New Cabinet in Mexico; Limantour Reappointed Minister of Finance, March 28, 1911
March 28, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 9: The article announces the new cabinet members of the Díaz regime, and their significance. There is also a passage announcing a rumor that Díaz has resigned.
70
Rumor That Diaz Has Quit: San Antonio Hears It But Confirmation Is Lacking, Rebels Quite Unappeased, March 28, 1911
March 28, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 5: The article announces a circulating rumor that Díaz has quit, and states that there is little evidence to support the rumor. The article also states that the rebels are not appeased with the new cabinet.
71
F.I. Madero Now On Way to Confer in San Antonio, March 28, 1911
March 28, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 8: The article announces a circulating rumor that Díaz has resigned, and states that Madero intends to meet members of his family to discuss negotiations. A reference is also made to the reports of President Taft, which suggest that the situation in Mexico has escalated.
72
Inclan Succeeds Senor De La Barra, March 28, 1911
March 28, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article announces the new cabinet members of the Díaz regime, including the new Ambassador to the U.S., Don Emanuel De Gama Cona E. Inclan.
73
Peace Possible from Meeting in San Antonio, March 28, 1911
March 28, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article announces that peace negotiations may occur between Madero and de la Barra in San Antonio.
74
New Envoy of Diaz: Mr. Zamacona e Inclan to Be Ambassador Here, March 28, 1911
March 28, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces that the new Ambassador to the U.S. will be Mr. Zamacona e Inclan. Several other appointments to Díaz’s cabinet are listed. The article also states that peace negotiations may occur between Madero and de la Barra in San Antonio.
75
Mexican Hostilities to Be Halted Pending Peace Conference at Chihuahua, March 29, 1911
March 29, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 4: The article announces that peace conferences will take place in Chihuahua between representatives of the Díaz regime and representatives of Madero’s revolution.
76
Why Taft Moved the Troops: Feared Anarchy and Anti-Americanism in Mexico, March 29, 1911
March 29, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 1: The article announces that President Taft chose to mobilize the U.S. troops at the Mexican border out of fear of anarchy after receiving reports of escalating unrest.
77
Diaz May Quit After a Peace: No Resignation Till Then, Declares Semi-Official Statement in Mexico City, March 29, 1911
March 29, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that Díaz has expressed interest in retiring after peace has been negotiated, but not until then. The article also states that Madero has asserted that he expects peace in ninety days.
78
Mexican Conditions, March 29, 1911
March 29, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 6: The article suggests that the resignation of Díaz’s cabinet would not have occurred if not for the revolution. It asserts that the restlessness of the Mexican people brought about positive change.
79
Diaz Cutting Deep with His Reforms, March 29, 1911
March 29, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, (No page number located) : The article announces that Díaz has proposed significant reforms that reach beyond his inner circle. It also states that the selection of a new cabinet has had a "tranquilizing" effect.
80
Peace Matter of Days, Say the Maderos, March 29, 1911
March 29, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1: The article announces that the Maderos have stated that peace will occur in a matter of days. The article asserts that the Maderos have proposed a peace plan to Limantour, and that Díaz is in favor of negotiations.
81
Peace in Mexico Madero Family Freely Predict, March 29, 1911
March 29, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 7: The article announces that the Maderos have predicted that peace will occur in a matter of days. The article also states that Limantour intends to ban reelections, and that Díaz is expected to resign following the peace agreement.
82
Peace for Mexico Inside Sixty Days, Says Madero, Sr., March 29, 1911
March 29, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 7: The article announces that the Maderos have stated that peace will occur in approximately 60 days, and that negotiations are currently underway. The article also asserts that the disarmament of rebels will not be included in the negotiations.
83
U. S. Not A Censor: Invasion of Mexico Would Be a Crime Says J. W. Foster, March 29, 1911
March 29, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1,2: The article asserts that there would be no justification for U.S. involvement in Mexico, according to John W. Foster, former Secretary of State. The article also asserts that the current number of troops at the U.S. border would be insufficient to protect U.S. interests in Mexico.
84
Insurgents Clear Way for Senor Limantour, Who Bears Peace Message, March 30, 1911
March 30, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 8: The article states that Díaz has authorized a peace agreement that is intended to restore peace in the following weeks. The article also states that a peace conference will take place in Chihuahua, and that de la Barra has asserted that the selection of new cabinet officials has been well received.
85
No Post for General Reyes, March 30, 1911
March 30, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number located): The article announces that General Bernardo Reyes has received no invitation to join Díaz’s new cabinet, and does not intend to return to Mexico.
86
Says General Madero Hears ‘Spirit Voices’, March 30, 1911
March 30, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 8: The article states that Díaz has denied rumors, including rumors that the Chapultepec Military Academy is disloyal to the Mexican government.
87
Mr. Taft Gives Light on Border Situation, March 30, 1911
March 30, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 8: The article announces that President Taft met with David J. Foster, chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the House, and shared information that convinced the latter of the necessity of the mobilization of troops.
88
Outlook for Peace in Mexico, March 30, 1911
March 30, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 10: The article asserts that the facts appear to suggest that peace negotiations will occur, and that Díaz will eventually resign from the presidency. The article also suggests that the Mexican people are incapable of self-government.
89
All Sides in Mexico Await Diaz Message, March , 1911
March , 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 5: The article announces that Limantour has said that the government will meet the requests of public opinion, but that public opinion excludes the voices of the revolutionary party. A reference is also made to Díaz addressing the Congress with his plans, which interests all factions.
90
Rumored Chinese Uprising, March 30, 1911
March 30, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 5: The article announces that that Chinese were preparing to attack Blagovestchensk, a city in the Amur Province of Asiatic Russia.
91
If Diaz Retires, March 30, 1911
March 30, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 10: The article announces that Díaz’s resignation would offer serious legitimacy to the revolution. References are made to the undemocratic government of Díaz, and the silencing of opposing forces in past elections.
92
Elder Madero Is Wrong, Says Gomez, March 30, 1911
March 30, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 6: The article announces that Dr. Vasquez Gomez has stated that the Madero prediction of early peace was wrong, because peace cannot occur in Mexico until Díaz resigns and members of the revolutionary party and assigned to the cabinet.
93
Envoys of Peace in San Antonio? March 30, 1911
March 30, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 6: The article announces that members of the Madero family have arrived in San Antonio, and are awaiting the peace conference. A reference is also made to a burned bridge on the International Railway.
94
Reyes Is Going to Spain, Not Mexico, March 30, 1911
March 30, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 6: The article announces that General Bernardo Reyes has received no invitation to join Díaz’s new cabinet, and does not intend to return to Mexico. The article also mentions that Reyes is fully confident in Díaz’s ability to control the revolution.
95
Diaz Wants No Parley with the Revolutionists, March 30, 1911
March 30, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 6: The article suggests that no peace agreement will occur, due to Díaz’s desire to remain in power. It is also asserted Díaz is not likely to enact Limantour’s reforms, because they are not in his favor.
96
Off to Talk Peace: Revolutionist Secretary Here Called to Texas to Confer with Madero, March 30, 1911
March 30, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article states that the secretary of the Washington diplomatic agency of the Mexican revolution Juan Sanchez-Azcona has been sent to San Antonio to meet with Madero and discuss preliminary peace negotiations. The article also states that Dr. Vasquez Gomez, head of the same organization, claims that Díaz must first resign before peace can occur.
97
Mexico Reforms to Be Sweeping: De La Barra Admits Peace Overtures Will Be Made, March 31, 1911
March 31, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number located): The article announces that de la Barra has stated that he is intends to take part in "sweeping" peace negotiations. It is also state that de la Barra himself is currently poorly informed, but that he intends to discus the plans at the next cabinet meeting.
98
Special Dispatch to the Herald: San Antonio Texas..., March 31, 1911
March 31, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number located): The article announces that the peace conference will be held in Chihuahua, and that Madero must sign a peace compact from Limantour before resolutions can take place. The article also states that de la Barra expects a peace agreement to take place within several days.
99
Governors of Fifteen Mexican States to Go, March 31, 1911
March 31, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 4: The article announces that one of Díaz’s reforms will include the resignation of several governors of Mexican states that have been accused of excesses.
100
No Rebel Agents Meet De La Barra, March 31, 1911
March 31, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that de la Barra has moved forward from San Antonio to Mexico, knowing nothing of peace plans. The article also states that de la Barra hopes for peace, but will not know how it will be accomplished until he speaks with the state.
101
Madero Makes New Demands on Diaz, March 31, 1911
March 31, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1: The article announces that Madero has decided to reject Limantour’s proposal unless Díaz resigns. The article firmly suggests that Madero is experiencing an unreasonable change of heart, and is turning his back on the Mexican government.
102
Sale of Arms Continues: Peace Rumors Do No Check Trade at El Paso, March 31, 1911
March 31, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 3: The article announces that the trade of arms and ammunition continues amidst talk about peace negotiations.
103
’Diaz Must Go!’ Is Now the Cry in His Own Capital, March 31, 1911
March 31, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 1,4: The article announces that the change in Díaz’s cabinet was not sufficient for the revolutionary party, and that many feel that peace will not be possible while he remains in office.
104
Yaquis Join in Siege of Ojinaga, Mexico, March 31, 1911
March 31, 1911
Published in the New York World, (No page number located): The article announces that members of the Yaqui tribe have joined the insurrectos. The article also states that disease and starvation have begun to affect the troops.
105
Delay in Proposed Peace Conference, March 31, 1911
March 31, 1911
Published in the New York World, (No page number located): The article announces that the proposed peace conference has been delayed, and that de la Barra cannot speak of the conference because he has heard no word of it from Mexico.
106
Line Drawn by Diaz: Mexican Government Reaches Limit of Concessions, March 31, 1911
March 31, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces that no officials of the Mexican government have verified the existence of peace negotiations, and that both sides believe Díaz will be reluctant to make peace with his opposition.
107
Say General Diaz Will Resign and Go to Spain, April 1, 1911
April 1, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 4: The article announces that Madero is very likely to come to a peace agreement within the next few days, and that Díaz is likely to resign and travel to Madrid.
108
Gloomy News from Mexico: New Revolts Reported- No Real Peace Parley, April 1, 1911
April 1, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 4: The article announces that new revolts from independent bands of rebels have been reported in Northern Mexico, and that no real peace negotiations seem to be taking place.
109
Consul in Mexico Bears Fresh News to the President, April 1, 1911
April 1, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 9: The article announces that the U.S. Consul in Mexico will be preparing information for President Taft before Congress next meets. The article also references a trade deal in which the insurrectos were extremely polite and paid the U.S. merchants in American currency.
110
Blow Up Bridges by Proxy: Rebels Seek to Escape Death Penalty by Making Railway Men Do Work, April 1, 1911
April 1, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that insurrectos have continued to burn bridges along the International Railroad between Torreon and Durango. It also states that in order to avoid punishment, the rebels have forced train workers to burn the bridges at gunpoint.
111
Fire on Federals Near Mexico City, April 1, 1911
April 1, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 12: The article announces that the insurrectos are holding the mountains above Mexico City with the intent to fire on federal troops near the capital’s power plant.
112
Mexico City Fears for Light and Power: Rurales Sent to Guard Electric Plant- Diaz Sends Message to Congress To-Day, April 1, 1911
April 1, 1911
Published in the New York World, p. 9: The article announces rumors that the insurrectos intend to attack Mexico City, putting light and power at risk.
113
Uncle of General Madero, Rebel Leader, on Peace Mission, Put in Mexican Jail, April 3, 1911
April 3, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 4: The article announces that Salvador Madero, General Madero’s uncle has been arrested as he crosses the border at Laredo, Texas into Mexico. The article asserts that he was on a peace mission when arrested.
114
Salvador Madero Arrested: Rebel Leader’s Uncle Taken from Train at the Border, April 3, 1911
April 3, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 5: The article announces that Salvador Madero, General Madero’s uncle has been arrested as he crosses the border at Laredo, Texas into Mexico. The article asserts that he was on a peace mission when arrested.
115
Gomez Answers Diaz Message, April 3, 1911
April 3, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 5: The article announces that Dr. Vasquez Gomez believes that the Díaz government should "[throw] aside its pride" in favor of a peace agreement.
116
Madero’s Uncle Arrested: He Declares He Entered Mexico to See His Sick Father, April 3, 1911
April 3, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 5: The article announces that Salvador Madero, General Madero’s uncle has been arrested as he crosses the border at Laredo, Texas into Mexico. The article asserts that he was visiting his father.
117
Madero Will Fight Unless Diaz Retires, April 3, 1911
April 3, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 5: The article announces that Madero will continue to fight until Díaz retires, because he does not believe that the regime’s promises of reforms will bring peace to Mexico.
118
The Position of Diaz, April 3, 1911
April 3, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 8: The article announces that Díaz’s address to the Mexican congress acknowledged the state of civil war, and included an urge to reform the electoral laws. The article also states that Díaz did not make any promise to retire from his presidency, which has five years and nine months remaining.
119
Socialists Use Barbed Wire: Williams, Former American Regular, Provides Defenses for Mexicali, April 3, 1911
April 3, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 5: The article announces that Stanley Williams of the Socialist forces has provided defenses at Mexicali.
120
Bombs Thrown at Juarez: One Dead and Three Wounded in Unexplained Attack, April 3, 1911
April 3, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 4: The article announces that bombs have been thrown at Ciudad Juárez, and that three men were injured and one man was killed. The article asserts that either the jail was being attacked at midnight, or the explosions are currently inexplicable.
121
Williams Awaits Battle: Rebel Generalissimo Disposes Forces- Deposed Leader Sore, April 3, 1911
April 3, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 4: The article announces that Stanley Williams of the Socialist forces has provided defenses at Mexicali.
122
Maderos at El Paso: Arrival of Father and Brother of Leader Revive Peace Talk, April 3, 1911
April 3, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 4: The article announces that the Maderos have arrived at El Paso for peace talks, but that no information has been provided regarding the mission. The article also states that a representative of Limantour has been sent as a member of the junta.
123
Too Late, Says Madero: New Elections with Free Ballots Alone Will Satisfy Rebels, April 3, 1911
April 3, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 4: The article states that Madero will continue to fight until Díaz retires, because he does not believe that the regime’s promises of reforms will bring peace to Mexico.
124
Three Bombs in Mexican Town Wound Officers: Juarez Placed Under Martial Law After Explosion, April 3, 1911
April 3, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1,11: The article announces that bombs have been thrown at Ciudad Juárez, and that three men were injured and one man was killed. The article asserts that the bombing, paired with two other bomb attempts this month, is puzzling.
125
S. Madero in Jail: Uncle of Insurgent Leader Is Prisoner of Federals, April 3, 1911
April 3, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces that Salvador Madero, General Madero’s uncle has been arrested as he crosses the border at Laredo, Texas into Mexico. The article asserts that he was visiting his father, and that additional members of the Madero family are now in El Paso for peace talks.
126
Revolution in Mexico, April 4, 1911
April 4, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 6: The article describes the current situation in Mexico between Díaz and the Mexican congress, including the question of Díaz’s support within the government, and the enactment of the proposed resolutions. The article suggests that the proposed resolutions are drastic enough to pacify the insurrectos.
127
Hopeful of Peace Soon: Mexican Representatives Are Expected to Confer with Madero, April 4, 1911
April 4, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 4: The article announces that representatives of the Díaz regime are expected to meet with Madero soon to discuss peace, and that the revolt has nearly ended. The article also asserts that the insurrectos are waiting to hear about Díaz’s proposals.
128
Madero Outlines Aim of Revolt: Addresses Communication to State Department, April 4, 1911
April 4, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 3: The article describes the revolutionary cause to the U.S. government through Dr. Vasquez Gomez, in an appeal for sympathy.
129
Corral Going Abroad: Mexican Vice President Asks Leave of Absence, July 4, 1911
July 4, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces that the Mexican Vice President Ramon Corral has petitioned the Mexican government for an indefinite leave of absence to Germany on account of his health.
130
De La Barra Speaks in Optimistic Terms: Conditions in Mexico All That Can Be Desired, Says Acting President, July 28, 1911
July 28, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1: The article announces that de la Barra has stated that the current conditions in Mexico are as good as they can be, and that there is complete harmony between himself and Madero.
131
Reyes Out for President, July 31, 1911
July 31, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 3: The article announces that General Bernardo Reyes has formally declared his candidacy for the Mexican presidency.
3
August 1, 1911 - December 24, 1911
August 1, 1911 - December 24, 1911
(105 items)
1
Madero Ousts Customs Men, August 1, 1911
August 1, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 4: The article announces that Ernesto Madero returned jobs at the Juarez Custom House to federal soldiers, ousting the rebels.
2
Juarez Customs Seized, August 2, 1911
August 2, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 2: The article announces that Ernesto Madero returned jobs at the Juarez Custom House to federal workers, ousting the rebels. The rebels, in response, prevented the federal workers from returning and forced several resignations.
3
Soldiers Overawe El Oro, August 2, 1911
August 2, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 2: The article announces a strike at a mine in El Oro, Mexico, on which federal soldiers opened fire. The article asserts that the request for higher wages is merely incidental, and that the strike was actually intended to antagonize foreigners.
4
Reyes for President, August 5, 1911
August 5, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 2: The article announces the candidacy of General Bernardo Reyes in the next presidential election. The article states that he will be running with the Mexican Catholic Party.
5
Firmer Hand Now in Mexico, August 7, 1911
August 7, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 10: The article announces that Madero has declared that he will support de la Barra’s vision for peace through firmer suppression of anarchist groups.
6
Land for Poor Mexicans, August 8, 1911
August 8, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1: The article announces that Díaz has proposed a plan to divide lands for the poor. The article states that 24,000 acres in Conora will be distributed to the Yaqui Indians.
7
Mexican Troops in Clash, August 8, 1911
August 8, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, (No page number located): The article announces a conflict between a bands of insurrectos and the troops of General Blanco, the latter having wanted to bring captured artillery with them to the south.
8
Quieter in Mexico, August 8, 1911
August 8, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, (No page number located): The article announces that the U.S. embassy in Mexico has reported that the conditions in Mexico are becoming normal.
9
The Texas Maneuvers, August 9, 1911
August 9, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 8: The article states that Major General Carter, the commander of the U.S. troops that were mobilized at the Mexican border, is pleased with the success of their actions. The article states that General Carter believes that the mobilization had a positive impact on the efficiency of the troops.
10
Asks Limantour to Return, August 9, 1911
August 9, 1911
Published in the New York Times, (No page number located): The article announces an unverified cipher-cablegram aid to have been sent by Francisco de la Barra to José Yves Limantour, requesting his return for help controlling the revolution.
11
Mexico’s Outlook Hopeful, August 9, 1911
August 9, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 1: The article announces that all countries appear to be at peace with Mexico, and that no claims are currently being pressed, even after the capture of several Americans and the killing of many Chinese at Torreon. The article also states that the provisional government in Mexico is optimistic.
12
"$10,000,000 for Mexico, August 9, 1911
August 9, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 3: The article states that the Mexican government borrowed $10,000,000 from Speyer and Co. The article asserts that the quick sale of the Mexican currency implies confidence in the stability of the new government.
13
Catholic Party in Mexico Demands Clean Government and Enforcement of the Law, August 11, 1911
August 11, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 3: The article announces that the Catholic party in Mexico intends to select a candidate for the upcoming presidency, but does not wish to get involved in political affairs. The article asserts that the Pope authorized the party, and only demands clean government and law enforcement.
14
Gomez to Oppose Madero, August 12, 1911
August 12, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 3: The article announces that following Madero’s abandonment of the Anti-Re-electionists, Francisco Vasquez Gomez, Minister of Foreign Affairs, was selected to run against him.
15
Mexican Rebels Fire on a Train, August 12, 1911
August 12, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 7: The article announces that rebels fired upon a passenger train traveling from Cuernavaca to Mexico City. The article states that nearly every window on the train was broken, and passengers were forced to remain on the floor for nearly two hours.
16
Throngs Abandon Mexico, August 12, 1911
August 12, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 5: The article announces that throngs of people have been leaving Mexico in lieu of recent events, and passenger traffic into Mexico has decreased significantly. The article asserts that Mexico is expecting bloodshed in the coming election.
17
Mexican Army to Move on Rebels: President de la Barra Sends Reinforcements to General Huerta at Cuernavaca, August 14, 1911
August 14, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 7: The article announces that the Mexican army intends to target the rebels by sending reinforcements to Cuernavaca. The article also states that Madero will attempt to personally dissuade Zapata from further activity.
18
De La Barra in Race, August 14, 1911
August 14, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article announces that the Liberal Radical party nominated Francisco de la Barra for the presidency. The article also states that de la Barra is expected to win the support of the Catholic party as well.
19
Say Rebels Plan Battle at Ayala, August 15, 1911
August 15, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number located): The article announces that although Colonel Blanquet’s brigade has been sent to Cuernavaca, there has been word of resistance of the federal forces by the men of Emiliano Zapata.
20
Mexican Rebels Refuse to Quit, August 15, 1911
August 15, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number found):
21
Revolt Brews in Mexico, August 16, 1911
August 16, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces that the government has accepted another revolution after their inability to stop Zapata without the use of federal forces. The article asserts that while the government is not fearful, it does expect a difficult conflict.
22
Zapata Will Surrender, August 16, 1911
August 16, 1911
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 7: The article announces that Zapata’s troops are located in Cuautla, and that Zapata is currently drafting a message to the President urging him not to send federal troops. The article suggests that Zapata’s statement implies surrender.
23
Lower California Trouble: Regular Cavalry to Patrol the Border to Keep Mexicans Out, August 17, 1911
August 17, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, (No page number located): The article announces that U.S. troops have been sent to Lower California to prevent Mexicans from entering the U.S. The article states that State Department accepted a request from the Mexican government to send federal troops through the U.S. to Lower California to restore order.
24
Again Guard Mexico Border, August 17, 1911
August 17, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 4: The article announces that U.S. troops have once again been mobilized to the Mexican border in Lower California as a result of current conflicts near the border.
25
Mexican Rebels Have Girl Leader, August 18, 1911
August 18, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 1: The article announces that two female leaders of Zapatista troops, Margarita Neri and Esperanza Echavarria, are involved in the conflict at Cuautla. The article also mentions that many have been killed in the battles in Morelos.
26
Troops to Restore Order, August 21, 1911
August 21, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, (No page number located): The article announces that the federal troops intend to occupy Zapatista towns and restore order before withdrawing from Morelos.
27
Hostile to Madero, August 22, 1911
August 22, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, (No page number located): The article announces that Madero’s speech to Zapata led him to lose the favor of the Catholic party because of his words against General Bernardo Reyes.
28
Mexico’s Political Confusion, August 22, 1911
August 22, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 6: The article announces that the Liberal Party of Mexico has selected Francisco de la Barra, and that he his provisional presidency been recognized by all parties with the exception of Dr. Vasquez Gomez.
29
Mustering Out Zapatistas, August 22, 1911
August 22, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, (No page number located): The article announces that the federal raid in Cuautla has begun, and that many Zapatistas have moved forward to different areas to continue their revolt. The article also mentions the Madero suspected General Bernardo Reyes of a plot to continue the conflict.
30
General Zapata’s Forces Surrender, August 23, 1911
August 23, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 6: The article announces that the Zapatistas have surrendered in Morelos to Madero and the federal troops. The article also notes with surprise that the Zapatistas do not posses modern rifles.
31
The Mistake of Gomez (Cuban President), August 23, 1911
August 23, 1911
Published in the New York Times, (No page number located): The article announces that critical journalists in Cuba have been banished by the government, and that the media is being censored by this action. The article asserts that free speech is essential to democracy.
32
'Mexico is Peaceful': So Says Washington Attorney After Visit There, August 23, 1911
August 23, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 2: The article announces that Captain Sherburne G. Hopkins has stated that Mexico is peaceful, and that there are currently few concerns there. The article also states that Hopkins asserts that Madero will be elected with the majority of the votes.
33
Zapatists Fire on Federal Troops, August 24, 1911
August 24, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 6: The article announces that the federal troops attempted to disarm the Zapatistas, but were only partially successful because many weapons carried in the field were not surrendered.
34
Mexican Bureau to Be Established, August 25, 1911
August 25, 1911
Published in the Washington Herald, p. 3: The article announces the establishment of a bureau of information in New York City to display Mexican and American goods, in an effort to improve commercial relations.
35
New Army for Mexico, August 25, 1911
August 25, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 12: The article announces that Díaz’s methods of enlisting convicts to the federal army have been dismissed. The article states that the new method will entail payment of soldiers and efforts to boost morale.
36
Madero Accuses Reyes, August 25, 1911
August 25, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, (No page number located): The article discusses the conflict between Francisco I. Madero and General Bernardo Reyes in the upcoming election, highlighting their disagreements.
37
Madero Accuses Gen. Reyes, August 25, 1911
August 25, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article discusses the conflict between Francisco I. Madero and General Bernardo Reyes in the upcoming election, highlighting their disagreements.
38
Deny Adolfo Diaz is Out (Nicaraguan President), August 25, 1911
August 25, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number located): The article discusses the rumor that Señor Don Adolfo Diaz of Nicaragua has resigned, and states that it has not been based in fact. There is also a reference to Nicaragua’s financial need, and potential U.S. loans.
39
General Madero Hailed at Capital, August 25, 1911
August 25, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 6: The article announces that upon his arrival at Morelos, General Madero was greeted enthusiastically for his peace efforts.
40
Mexican Conditions, August 25, 1911
August 25, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 6: The article discusses the current situation in Mexico, highlighting the ways in which it differs from the previous regime. The article specifically mentions the investigation into the concessions that were granted under the Díaz regime.
41
Insurgents Lay Down Arms, August 25, 1911
August 25, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 4: The article announces that the situation with the rebels has improved, and that many have laid down arms and no U.S. property has been damaged.
42
The Monroe Doctrine: Does It Obstruct Development of Other American Republics, August 25, 1911
August 25, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 6: The article includes correspondence to the editor of The Sun by William L. Dooley of Brooklyn. He criticizes the Monroe Doctrine and refers to Mexico as uncivilized and in need of European intervention.
43
Madero’s Charges Believed, August 26, 1911
August 26, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 6: The article announces the general acceptance of Madero’s belief that General Bernardo Reyes was plotting his death.
44
Quiet on Mexican Border, August 27, 1911
August 27, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 3: The article announces that as a result of the improving conditions in Mexico, the U.S. has removed the majority of its troops from the border.
45
The Outlook in Mexico: The Revolution and Its Causes, August 27, 1911
August 27, 1911
Published in the London Times, p. 5: The article discusses the current situation in Mexico, referring to Madero’s recent election as a historic moment for Latin America.
46
Señor Madero to Be Named To-Day, August 28, 1911
August 28, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 10: The article announces that the Popular Progressive party will nominate Madero and that the Convention will be held today. Several options for vice president are listed.
47
Revolt Feared in Mexico, August 29, 1911
August 29, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 2: The article announces that Independence Day celebrations will be postponed due to fear of rebel attacks. It is stated that the Mexican government is taking active steps to curb the socialists.
48
Troops May Enter Mexico / Claim Damages from Mexico / Arms Shipped to Mexico, August 30, 1911
August 30, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 3: The article announces that the War Department revoked the orders that previously kept U.S. troops from entering Mexico due to the improving conditions there. It is also stated that many damage claims from U.S. citizens have been sent to the Mexican government via the State Department for consideration. A reference is also made to arms shipments from Guatemala to Mexico.
49
Mexicans Write Platform, August 30, 1911
August 30, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 5: The article announces that the Progressive party is drafting a platform, with the intention of uniting the nation, revising the system of taxation, developing public resources, and removing special privileges for monopolies.
50
Progressives in Mexico name Madero as Leader, August 31, 1911
August 31, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 14: The article announces that the Progressive party has named Madero as their candidate for the presidency. It is stated that it may be another day before the vice presidential candidate is chosen.
51
Madero Accepts Party Platform, September 1, 1911
September 1, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number located): The article announces that Madero has accepted the Progressive party platform, and parts of his speech are included. The article states that foreign property will be protected, but that it will be given no special privileges under his presidency. An emphasis is placed on law reform regarding foreign monopolies in Mexico.
52
Mob Stones Reyes, September 4, 1911
September 4, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces that General Bernardo Reyes has been stoned and mobbed in Mexico City by rioters who support Madero. The article also states that the rioters were fired on by federal troops, and that five people have been killed and many have been injured.
53
Battle in Mexico, September 5, 1911
September 5, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces the death of sixty of Zapata’s men in a conflict with federal troops at Morelos, and refers to the riot against General Bernardo Reyes with concern for Madero’s candidacy.
54
To Drop Nitro on City: Mexican Insurgents Planning the Capture of Juarez, September 7, 1911
September 7, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces that the Magonista insurgents plan to drop nitroglycerin from box kites onto Juárez on September 16. The article states that the Magonista activity has made local merchants uneasy.
55
Killed in Mexican Riot, September 11, 1911
September 11, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 3: The article announces a clash between the Reyistas and the Maderistas in Tuxtla, Chico in Chiapas, which occurred after a parade in honor of General Bernardo Reyes. It is stated that the incident resulted in nine dead and many injured.
56
No Revolt with Three Guns, September 14, 1911
September 14, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 4: The article announces that the uprising that was expected in Juárez failed due to insufficient arms and ammunition from El Paso.
57
Gomez Cheapening Madero, September 15, 1911
September 15, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 10: The article discusses news from Dr. Vasquez Gomez regarding the peace negotiations at Juárez and his true role in them. The article states that Gomez has presented documentation to prove his own role in the meetings and Madero’s hesitance. Additional references are made to the allegations that the revolution was funded by Standard Oil Company and other American companies, but this is not verified by Gomez.
58
Foreigners Dread Mexican Holiday, September 15, 1911
September 15, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 8: The article announces that foreigners are concerned about the Mexican Independence Day celebrations, and that consuls are appealing for protection during the holiday. The article also states that the government asserts there is little danger of disorder.
59
Say Trust Backed Madero, September 15, 1911
September 15, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, (No page number located): The article announces that Gomez has evidence that the Standard Oil Company financed Madero’s revolution. It is stated that the Standard Oil Company would have been interested in the revolution for its own economic interests in Mexico following the revolution.
60
De La Barra Eager to Quit Presidency, September 18, 1911
September 18, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 5: The article asserts that de la Barra is eager for the presidential election to occur so that he may return to Italy and quit the presidency.
61
Frauds in War Damage Fund: Huge Mexican Government Scandal Threatened, September 18, 1911
September 18, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 2: The article reveals a scandal in the Mexican government regarding the damage claims during the revolution. The article states that the individuals who filed claims found that they were being charged 50% when they came to claim their damages.
62
Won’t Postpone Election, September 19, 1911
September 19, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, (No page number located): The article announces that the request of the President of the Chamber of Deputies to postpone the elections due to internal unrest was denied.
63
Plea in Mexican Congress, September 20, 1911
September 20, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number located): The article announces that the Evolutionist party petitioned the Mexican congress to postpone the elections. A reference is also made to a proposed constitutional amendment that would create a parliamentary system of government.
64
Troops Rout Monterey Mob, September 20, 1911
September 20, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 2: The article announces that rebels have attempted to break into the State militia barracks on Juárez plaza. It is also announced that many foreigners who had left Mexico earlier are returning, and that no Americans were harmed in the attack.
65
Diaz Plot Suspected, September 20, 1911
September 20, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article discusses a rumor that the Magonistas are being financed by the Cientificos, a group to which Díaz belonged. The article also states that Zapata has been located, and that the U.S. is monitoring the conflict in Mexico.
66
Cabinet Predicts Madero Victory, September 22, 1911
September 22, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 7: The article announces that the cabinet predicts a victory for Madero, although the Mexican Minister of the Interior believes that Dr. Vasquez Gomez will win the vice presidency over Don José Pino Suárez because he is better known.
67
General Madero’s Opposition Fades, September 23, 1911
September 23, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 4: The article announces that Madero’s opposition, the Reyes party, has decided not to participate in the elections if they are not postponed.
68
Refuse to Postpone Election in Mexico, September26, 1911
September26, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 10: The article announces that Anti-Maderista petitions to postpone the elections in Mexico have been refused by the Mexican Senate and the Chamber of Deputies.
69
Gen Reyes Leaves Mexico, September 29, 1911
September 29, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 5: The article announces that General Bernardo Reyes has decided to leave Mexico for New York and give up his candidacy, "for the good of his country."
70
Reyes Feared for His Life, September 30, 1911
September 30, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 4: The article asserts that General Bernardo Reyes’s decision to leave Mexico implies that there was an assassination plot involved.
71
Madero Victor in Mexico, October 2, 1911
October 2, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 4: The article announces Madero has won the presidency after his opposition-fled Mexico. The article states that the election was the first free election in the history of Mexico, and that Madero will serve for six years.
72
Mexican Election Still in Doubt, October 3, 1911
October 3, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 6: The article announces that Madero has been selected as the presidential candidate, but that the vice presidential candidate has not yet been revealed. The article includes some potential candidates.
73
Reyista to Revolt Next?: Followers of Reyes and Diaz Adhere said to Plan Mexican Uprising, October 5, 1911
October 5, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces information from an article in El Pais that suggests followers of Reyes and Díaz intend to plan an uprising against the new government. The article asserts that Madero is not concerned, but will continue to monitor the reports.
74
Mexico Now Fears a Reyes Revolt, October 5, 1911
October 5, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 8: The article discusses Mexico’s fear of a Díaz revolt and a potential plot to restore him into power.
75
General Madero Labors for Peace, October 8, 1911
October 8, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 4: The article announces that General Madero is attempting to unite his followers, and has expressed a preference for Pino Suárez to be elected as vice president.
76
See Madero Loss in Long Contest, October 9, 1911
October 9, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 14: The article discusses Madero’s concern about the vice presidency, and asserts that Madero would not be so concerned if his previous confidence in Pino Suárez’s election were valid.
77
Mexican Rebels Routed; 130 Dead, October 12, 1911
October 12, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 9: The article announces that insurrectos in Chiapas were defeated in a violent battle with volunteers. It is also stated that Madero’s brother will remain in his cabinet.
78
Maderist Truce to General Reyes, October 13, 1911
October 13, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 14: The article discusses rumors that suggest an alliance between Madero and Reyes, but refers to them as "sensational." The article states as true, however, that Madero has invited Reyes back to Mexico, with a guarantee of his safety
79
General Diaz Gets the Rest He Needs, October 13, 1911
October 13, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 9: The article announces that Díaz is considering his travels in Europe as needed rest after being the president of Mexico for thirty-one years.
80
Madero Candidate Gains in Capital, October 14, 1911
October 14, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 7: The article announces that Pino Suárez has a significant lead in the votes of eight electoral colleges.
81
Diaz Hopes to Come Back, October 15, 1911
October 15, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 6: The article announces that Díaz has expressed an interest in returning to Mexico when the revolution has been resolved. It is stated that he is currently in London attending a dinner in his honor for serving the financial interests of Lord Cowdray, an oil businessman.
82
Madero and Suarez Ahead, October 16, 1911
October 16, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 5: The article announces that Madero and Pino Suárez are ahead in the votes, and that there are various charges of electoral fraud being issued from de la Barra supporters.
83
Señor De La Barra Renounces Votes, October 17, 1911
October 17, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 9: The article announces that de la Barra does not wish for his electoral ballot votes to be counted in the upcoming election.
84
Cost of Madero’s Fight / Bloodshed in Mexico, October 17, 1911
October 17, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 1: The article announces that the Mexican government has reimbursed Madero $320,000 for his expenses during the revolution. A reference is also made to the violent battle in Chiapas between the federal troops and the Indians.
85
Bar Cabinet Post to Señor Suarez, October 18, 1911
October 18, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 9: The article announces that Madero will not offer Pino Suárez a position on his cabinet as a result of his recent election as vice president.
86
Reyist Factions Alarm Mexico, October 23, 1911
October 23, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 6: The article announces that various Reyist uprisings have occurred throughout Mexico, causing alarm that the Mexican government does not make public.
87
Revolt Set for Today / Diaz Men Seek Clash, October 23, 1911
October 23, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 2: The article announces that documents have been discovered revealing that a Reyes uprising is set to occur in the state of Tamaulipas. A reference is also made to international concerns between Guatemala and Mexico.
88
Plot to Kill Madero, October 24, 1911
October 24, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that there is a plot to kill Madero, and has caused him to alter his original plans to visit Piedras Negras. A reference is made to a possible meeting between Madero and Reyes, but Reyes is stated to have not been in correspondence with Madero regarding a meeting in San Antonio.
89
Zapatistas Burn Mexican Villages, October 25, 1911
October 25, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that Zapatistas have burned villages and forced the inhabitants to join their revolutionary cause. Madero’s failure to suppress the uprisings is referred to with surprise.
90
Mexican Chamber Denounces Madero, October 26, 1911
October 26, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 6: The article announces that the Mexican Chamber of Deputies has denounced Madero after circulars were distributed claiming that he had spoken against the army.
91
Deputies Cheer for Diaz, October 26, 1911
October 26, 1911
Published in the Washington Post, p. 3: The article announces that Madero’s lack of action at the defeat of government troops by rebel groups has caused him to lose favor with the Chamber of Deputies. It is stated that the deputies chanted in support of Díaz.
92
Madero to Crush Zapata, October 27, 1911
October 27, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 1: The article announces that Minister of Justice Manuel Calero has stated to the Chamber of Deputies that Madero will make an effort to defeat Zapata. It is also announced that a demonstration was held against the deputies for having chanted in favor of Díaz.
93
Ask Madero to Stop Zapata, October 30, 1911
October 30, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 5: The article announces that Madero is being asked by Mexican businessmen to end the Zapata revolt. It is revealed that Madero’s opposition is spreading the belief that Madero is secretly supporting Zapata.
94
Madero in with Zapata? October 31, 1911
October 31, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, (No page number located): The article discusses the rumor among Americans in Mexico that Madero is secretly supporting Zapata.
95
Declares Madero Elected, November 3, 1911
November 3, 1911
Published in the New York Times, p. 4: The article announces the election of Madero after the ratification of the vote by the Mexican congress.
96
Capital to Greet Madero as Chief, November 4, 1911
November 4, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 9: The article announces that the election of Madero and Pino Suárez will be celebrated at 11:00AM on Sunday morning throughout Mexico.
97
Madero Cabinet Making, November 7, 1911
November 7, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 4: The article announces that Madero has selected Governor of Chihuahua Abraham Gonzalez as head of the Department of the Interior. It is also announced that Tehuantepec has revolted against the new government, and that U.S. damage claims amount to $1,500,000 and should be delivered to the U.S. Ambassador soon.
98
General Madero Inaugurated Amidst Cheers of Great Throng, November 7, 1911
November 7, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 12: The article announces that Madero has been inaugurated, and that he was twenty minutes late to the ceremony due to the thousands of supporters who filled the streets.
99
1000 Rebels Slain, Is Mexican Report, November 8, 1911
November 8, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 10: The article announces reports of 1,000 rebels killed in Juchitan, Oaxaca during a revolt against the local jefe politico. It also states that the Madero government has not confirmed reports and is limiting journalists’ access to officials.
100
240 Mexicans Dead in Oaxaca, Troops Rushed for Battle, December 9, 1911
December 9, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 1: The article announces reports of 1,000 rebels killed in Juchitan, Oaxaca during a revolt against the local jefe politico. It is stated that the railroad has been cut off, and the rebel leader has been injured.
101
Reyes Uprising Spreads in Many Mexican States, December 11, 1911
December 11, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, p. 6: The article announces that Reyista uprisings have occurred in many Mexican states, including the south. It is also mentioned that General Bernardo Reyes’s son, Judge Rodolfo Reyes, has fled Mexico for Texas to avoid arrest.
102
The Monroe Doctrine: a Measure of Self-Defense and Not the Formula of a Protectorate, December 18, 1911
December 18, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, (No page number located): The article explains the Monroe Doctrine, emphasizing that it is intended to protect the Americas from foreign involvement, and that it does not imply that the U.S. should intervene in South American affairs.
103
Foil Plot to Kill Madero, Martial Law for Mexico, December 18, 1911
December 18, 1911
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number): The article announces that a plot to kill Madero has been revealed, and that Generals Higinio Aguilar and Melito Hurtado have been arrested. It is revealed that the plot to kill Madero included the establishment of a provisional presidency with General Bernardo Reyes.
104
Calls Madero as Bad as Diaz, December 21, 1911
December 21, 1911
Published in the New York Sun, p. 3: The article states that Dr. Francisco Vasquez Gomez has criticized Madero for exercising his overreaching his executive power and requiring enlistment in the military.
105
Madero a Patriot, Reyes a Brigand, December 24, 1911
December 24, 1911
Published in the Kansas City Post, (No page number): The article discusses the position of Dr. S. W. Scott of Kansas City, an American who resided in Mexico for two months. It states that he is hopeful for Madero’s new government, and interpreted Reyes as a bandit.
4
February 8, 1912 - February 24, 1913
February 8, 1912 - February 24, 1913
(115 items)
1
Madero Expects Speedy Peace: But Washington Is Worried by Widespread Disorder in Mexico, February 8, 1912
February 8, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p.3: The article includes correspondence from Madero, stating that the Zapatistas are of little concern and have been defeated multiple times. It is asserted that the U.S. is concerned that this rebellion could be worse than the previous, and is preparing its forces.
2
The Recognition of Mexican Rebels as Belligerents, February 13, 1912
February 13, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 6: The article announces that a new senator from New Mexico, A. B. Fall, has requested for the rebel groups in Mexico to be recognized as belligerents.
3
Says Intervention Would Be a Crime: Pan-American Union Director Says United States Should Not Antagonize Mexico or Cuba, February 12, 1912
February 12, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number located): The article discusses the opinion of John Barrett, director-general of the Pan-American Union of Washington, D.C., regarding the role of the U.S. in the conflicts in Mexico and Cuba. It is stated that he believes intervention would be a crime that would permanently damage relations between the U.S. and Latin America. A reference is also made to the economic opportunity presented by the Panama Canal.
4
Appeal From Mexico to British Power, February 21, 1912
February 21, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, (No page number located): The article announces that rebels have raided the land of British-owned company Sonora Mexico Land and Timber Company, Ltd., and the manager is seeking protection from the U.S, Mexico and Britain.
5
Anarchy in Mexico, American Consuls Say, February 22, 1912
February 22, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 9: The article announces that the State Department has received various reports from consuls throughout Mexico that the revolution has expanded, and is putting the property and lives of foreigners at risk.
6
May Make Chihuahua Independent Republic: Rebels at Juarez to Start South To-Morrow – Orozco for President, February 28, 1912
February 28, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, (No page number located): The article announces that rebels have reduced duties in Juárez to encourage trade, and that the Mexican government, if it takes Juárez, will be able to seize their goods. It is also stated that there are discussions of Chihuahua becoming independent, and the U.S. position is faced with a legal obligation to allow for the legitimate shipment of ammunition and supplies across the Mexican border.
7
Mexican Rebels Walk Into Juarez: Only a Few Shots Fired..., February 28, 1912
February 28, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 5: The article announces that Juárez was given to the rebels upon entry for fear of U.S. conflict, and that although a few shots were fired into El Paso, the U.S. troops did not see a need to take action.
8
A Mexican Rebel Success: Capture of Juarez, February 28, 1912
February 28, 1912
Published in the London Times, p. 5: The article announces that the rebels took Juárez with very little fighting, and that the U.S. is still concerned about the protection of American properties. It is stated that care was taken to avoid damaging American properties during the conflict.
9
Mexican Rebels Capture Juarez; Will Start March on the Capital To-Day, February 28, 1912
February 28, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, p. 3: The article announces that the rebels took Juárez with very little fighting, and that they intend to mark on the capital. It is also stated that Emilio Vasquez Gomez has been selected as provisional president, and that they intend to attack Chihuahua. Americans, it is asserted, are in "dire peril."
10
New Danger Spots in Mexican Situation, February 29, 1912
February 29, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p.3: The article announces that several exaggerated accounts of rebel activity in towns near Vera Cruz were reported to the State Department, and that they were of great concern due to the large number of American interests in the area. The opinion of a high official in the State Department is included, stating that Mexico’s degree of civilization was being questioned.
11
Rebel Army Will Begin Chihuahua Advance To-Day, March 2, 1912
March 2, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number located): The article announces that the rebel army under the command of General Inez Salazar will advance on Chihuahua, bringing skilled laborers with them to mend the railroads that had been burned.
12
Madero Ready to Die at Post: Appeals to American People to Unite for Peace, March 4, 1912
March 4, 1912
Published in the New York Evening Sun, (No page number located): The article announces that Madero’s call to the Mexican people to join his troops included a statement that he would be prepared to die at his post. It is also stated that Orozco has won at Chihuahua, and a reference is made to Francisco "Pancho" Villa.
13
Orozco Holds City of Chihuahua for Rebels, March 5, 1912
March 5, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 3: The article announces that Orozco is holding Chihuahua for reinforcements, and that Madero has asserted that he is willing to die to defend Mexico. It is also mentioned that Americans have become more concerned.
14
Mexican Troops Off to Fight Orozco, March 8, 1912
March 8, 1912
Published in the New York Times, p. 6: The article announces that the federal troops intend to fight Orozco, and that a regiment of cowboys in the U.S. is to be formed.
15
Taft Sends Two More Regiments to Border, March 8, 1912
March 8, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 1: The article announces that President Taft will be sending two more regiments to the Mexican border to regulate the smuggling of arms and ammunition into Mexico. It is stated that the president is preparing to meet any emergency.
16
Warns Against Intervention: John Barrett Urges Patience With Mexico in Her Troubles, March 12, 1912
March 12, 1912
Published in the New York Times, (No page number located): The article announces that the Director General of the Pan-American Union, John Barrett, has continued to warn against intervention in Mexico during the revolution.
17
John Barrett Sees Plot to Incite Invasion of Mexico; Warns Country Move Would Ruin Prestige and Trade, March 12, 1912
March 12, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, p. 3: The article announces that the Director General of the Pan-American Union, John Barrett, has continued to warn against intervention in Mexico during the revolution. It includes his warning that intervention would be dangerous for Mexico’s economy, and that it would jeopardize the U.S.’s potential economic future with the Panama Canal.
18
President to Keep Hands Off Mexico, March 13, 1912
March 13, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 3: The article announces that President Taft has decided against intervening in Mexican affairs, and has removed the troops from the border. It emphasizes the importance of neutrality, and mentions that the rebel groups are in need of funds and have raised water prices.
19
As to Intervention in Mexico, March 14, 1912
March 14, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 8: The article discusses the U.S. decision not to intervene in Mexico unless the circumstances escalate, and asserts that there would never be a reason to intervene.
20
No Interference, March 14, 1912
March 14, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, p. 5: "No Interference" is an image of a personification of Mexico, depicted as an eagle on a cactus with a snake labeled "REBELLION AND DISORDER" in its mouth, across the Rio Grande from a vulture with a top hat of stars and stripes.
21
Power for Taft to Stop Gun Running: Senate Passes Resolution to Enforce Neutrality in Mexican Struggle, March 14, 1912
March 14, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 1: The article announces that a resolution has been passed in the Senate to enforce neutrality in the Mexican conflict. Rumors are also revealed that Enrique Creel and General Terrazas of the Cientificos have secretly supported Orozco.
22
Creel Has No Part in Mexican Revolution, March 22, 1912
March 22, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 3: The article announces that Enrique Creel has denied any involvement in the revolution, and claims not to be politically involved. It is also stated that he believes Madero has the revolution under control.
23
A Dark Picture of Mexico: The Insurrection Led by Orozco Is of Cientifico Origin, March 26, 1912
March 26, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 8: The article features a letter from "American Resident" to the editor of The Sun, stating that the wealth of the Cientificos is what is currently fueling the revolution in Mexico.
24
Rules of War in Mexico, March 27, 1912
March 27, 1912
Published in the San Francisco Chronicle, p. 6: The article discusses the use of various forms of arms and ammunition in Mexico, and states that although Mexico is allowed to fight whomever they would like without harming foreigners, they are violating several international war regulations.
25
Enrique Creel Denies a Part in Revolution, March 29, 1912
March 29, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 6: The article announces that Enrique Creel has denied any involvement in the revolution, and claims not to be politically involved. Excerpts from his letter are included, in which he states that he will always side with the government on account of his status as a conservative businessman.
26
Needless Alarm About Mexico, March30, 1912
March30, 1912
Published in the New York Times, p. 3: The article discusses the current situation in Mexico, referring to Orozco’s reported successes as unlikely, calling the Madero administration new and "badly nourished," and stating that rumors of Enrique Creel funding the rebels are ridiculous.
27
Crisis in Mexico; U.S. Arms Citizens, April 30, 1912
April 30, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 1: The article announces that the crisis in Mexico has led Madero to approve the distribution of rifles and cartridges from the U.S. embassy to Americans residing there. It is stated that the U.S. is only concerned for the safety of Americans.
28
Won’t Admit Plans to Move on Mexico: Stimson Maintains Secrecy Over Use of State Troops if Intervention Comes, April 1, 1912
April 1, 1912
Published in the New York Times, p. 4: The article announces that Secretary Stimson will not admit plans to move on Mexico, and remains secretive. It is revealed that Secretary Stimson is to have a conversation with General Edward Young of the Illinois National Guard the following day.
29
To Review Troops To-Day: Division at San Antonio to Provide Citizens with Military Spectacle, April 1, 1912
April 1, 1912
Published in the New York Times, (No page number found): The article announces that troops in San Antonio have not yet been informed of their assignment, but that the following day a "spectacle" is scheduled.
30
Americans Organize in Mexican Capital, April 2, 1912
April 2, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 6: The article announces that about 150 Americans met at the YMCA in Mexico City in fear that the Mexican government would confiscate their arms. It is also stated that the Mexican government has suppressed the newspaper Heraldo Mexicano.
31
Peace in Mexico Near, Says Madero, April 2, 1912
April 2, 1912
Published in the New York Press, (No page number located): The article states that U.S. intervention in Mexico would mean war, and that Madero has made an official statement that peace is near.
32
Mexican Officers in Plot to Stop Arms Sent by U.S., April 4, 1912
April 4, 1912
Published in the New York American, p. 4: The article, the last piece of an article not included in the archive, asserts that the State Department is demanding a settlement of claims for damaged American property during the revolution. References are also made to a battle in Parral and an American held in Juarez.
33
Gen. Diaz ‘Hopes to Visit Mexico Again Shortly’, April 5, 1912
April 5, 1912
Published in the New York World, p. 1: The article announces that Díaz has stated that he would fight for Mexico’s independence if its sovereignty were compromised by foreign invasion. Regarding the revolution and Madero, the article includes his correspondence, which states that he declines to comment.
34
Playing With Fire, April 6, 1912
April 6, 1912
Published in the New York World, (No page number located): The article discusses the Taft Administration’s mobilization of forces in preparation for an emergency, and states that U.S. intervention will not solve the issue of political instability in Mexico.
35
Invasion of Mexico Decided Upon by Taft, Congressmen Declare After Visit to Him, April 6, 1912
April 6, 1912
Published in the New York American, (No page number located): The article announces that President Taft has decided upon an invasion of Mexico, and will only stop his plans if Madero and Orozco accept his terms.
36
Taft Advised by Gen. Wood to Act Now in Mexico, April 9, 1912
April 9, 1912
Published in the New York American, p. 4: The article announces that President Taft has been advised by General Wood to quickly intervene in Mexico. It is also stated that de la Barra’s return with result in more revolutionary activity, because it is supposed that the Cientificos are funding the revolts.
37
Americans in City of Mexico Seek Aid of William R. Hearst to Get Arms for Protection, April 10, 1912
April 10, 1912
Published in the New York American, (No page number located): The article announces that U.S. citizens are refusing to pay $20 per rifle for protection in Mexico. A reference is made to European nations that have provided their citizens with free arms.
38
American in a Trap Shot Down by Rebels, April 11, 1912
April 11, 1912
Unknown Periodical: The article announces that U.S. citizen Albert Fountain has been killed in Parral for operating a machine gun on behalf of the rebels. It is stated that Pancho Villa offered Fountain the position after he lost his mining job.
39
Guatemala Fertile Field for Investors, April 11, 1912
April 11, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 5: The article discusses the untouched land in Guatemala, and its current and future economic potential. It is written with the goal of attracting U.S. investors.
40
Knox Warns Cubans Against Politicians, April 12, 1912
April 12, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 3: The article announces that Secretary of State Knox has spoken in Cuba and advised the people not to trust in a few politicians. References are made to the U.S.’s positive motives in its relationship with Cuba, and an explanation is provided regarding the Panama Canal.
41
Americans Shot Down in Parral by Rebel Sentence, April 14, 1912
April 14, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number located): The article discusses the murder of U.S. citizen Albert Fountain in Parral for operating a machine gun on behalf of the rebels. It is stated that Pancho Villa offered Fountain the position, and that he was killed by "ley fuga," where he was given the opportunity to escape. Later in the article, a reference is made to the rebels’ shortage in ammunition.
42
Mr. Taft Sends a Stiff Warning to Mexico and Rebels, April 15, 1912
April 15, 1912
Published in the New York World, p. 3: The article announces that President Taft has sent a warning to Mexico, stating that the Mexican government will be responsible for all property losses and murders of U.S. citizens in Mexico. The article also states that Acting Secretary of State Wilson has declared that there is no discussion of intervention.
43
The Warning to Mexico, April 15, 1912
April 15, 1912
Published in the The Washington Star, p. 6: The article announces that President Taft has sent a warning to Mexico, stating that the Mexican government will be responsible for all property losses and murders of U.S. citizens in Mexico.
44
Mexican Provocation, April 16, 1912
April 16, 1912
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 6: The article discusses the recent warning issued from the U.S. to Mexico, and states that the U.S. was within reason to admonish Mexico on the grounds that it has violated international law and American treaty rights.
45
Three Nations Hint They Will Act in Mexico if U.S. Delays, April 17, 1912
April 17, 1912
Published in the New York American, p. 13: The article announces that England, Germany and France have threatened to involve themselves in the Mexican conflict as a result of their many losses during the revolution. It is stated that the Monroe Doctrine is at risk, and that the U.S. is almost obligated to intervene.
46
Mexican Critic of U.S.: Editor of ‘El Pais’ Says Recent Warning Was Impertinent, April 17, 1912
April 17, 1912
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 9: The article announces that "El Pais," an official publication in Mexico, has spoken against President Taft’s warning to Mexico, stating that the damage of property and the loss of lives of foreigners in Mexico is the fault of the revolutionists and not the Mexican government.
47
Mexico Resents ‘Admonitory’ Note from Washington, April 18, 1912
April 18, 1912
Published in the New York World, p. 13: The article announces that Madero has approved a statement against President Taft’s warning to Mexico, stating that the damage of property and the loss of lives of foreigners in Mexico is the fault of the revolutionists and not the Mexican government. A reference is also made to Mexican resentment over the harsh words used in the U.S. correspondence.
48
Mexico Flouts Ultimatum of United States: She Will Look After Her Own Affairs, April 18, 1912
April 18, 1912
Published in the New York American, p. 13: The article announces that the Mexican government has issued a response stating that it will manage its own affairs, primarily seek to control the uprising, and try foreigners as it sees fit. It is stated that the particular U.S. citizen in question was involved in armed conflict against the Mexican government, and that the U.S. is not within its rights to issue an admonition to the Mexican government.
49
Knox Back in Capital; Tells Trip’s Results, April 18, 1912
April 18, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 10: The article announces that Secretary of State Knox has returned from a long trip through Latin America, stating that the misrepresentation of the U.S. in Latin America and the tendency to oppose reform for personal gain are serious issues.
50
International Safety Rules, April 18, 1912
April 18, 1912
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 6: The article discusses the safety standards of steamship standards, because the current laws in different countries vary drastically, and cause complications for international travel.
51
Madero’s Flat Defiance, April 18, 1912
April 18, 1912
Published in the Brooklyn Eagle, p. 4: The article presents an opinion on Madero’s response to the admonition issued by President Taft, and highlights Taft’s diplomacy and refers to Madero’s response as a "‘mind your own business’ note."
52
Root to Aid Mexico: Will Seek to Have Our Immigration Laws Modified, April 20, 1912
April 20, 1912
Published in the New York Tribune, p. 9: The article announces that Elihu Root is preparing legislation that will allow the U.S. to deport Mexican revolutionaries who are currently plotting against the Mexican government from U.S. soil. The article asserts that the legislation will secure U.S. neutrality.
53
Can’t Scare Your Uncle, April 20, 1912
April 20, 1912
Published in the St. Paul Pioneer Press, p. 1: The image depicts an image of a tall Uncle Sam with a patronizing smile, looking across a barbed wire fence at a short, angry Madero. Uncle Sam is saying, "Excuse me if I appear to smile," and Madero is saying, "You have no right to admonish me, see?"
54
U.S. Demands Orozco Release Americans, April 21, 1912
April 21, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 13: The article announces that Orozco has incarcerated two Americans without cause in Chihuahua, and that the State Department has issued commands to Consul Letcher in Chihuahua to demand their immediate release.
55
Unprotected Americans Protest an Incompetent Chief Executive, April 26, 1912
April 26, 1912
Published in the New York American, p. 24: The article discusses President Taft’s lack of action to protect U.S. interests in Mexico, and criticizes his policy of non-intervention by referring to him as an "incompetent chief executive".
56
Japanese Operations in Mexico Fully Revealed: New York American Sends Expedition to Scene, April 26, 1912
April 26, 1912
Published in the New York American, p. 1: The article announces that Japan secured has secured from the Mexican government 700 miles of land along the coast, from Manzanillo to Salinas Cruz. References are made to colonization and the Japanese fisheries enterprise.
57
Urges American Diplomacy to End Mexican Revolt, April 26, 1912
April 26, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number located): The article announces that the editor of the Daily Mexican and La Prensa in Mexico City, Edward I. Bell, has stated that U.S. diplomacy is necessary, and the only alternative to intervention and war in Mexico. It is also stated that Europe will interfere if the U.S. does not.
58
Transport to Take 500 Americans Out of Mexico, April 27, 1912
April 27, 1912
Published in the New York World, p. 13: The article announces that the army boat Buford has been ordered to pick up 500 Americans on the western coast of Mexico. It is stated that although the Americans have not yet been affected, they are in consistent danger.
59
Just a Bit of Discipline--- By Henderson, April 27, 1912
April 27, 1912
Published in The Sun (Pittsburgh, PA), (No page number located): The image depicts a tall Uncle Sam pointing a finger at a small, young Mexico, saying "I’ve about come to the conclusion, young man, that you deserve a lickin".
60
Foreign Powers Rush War Boats to Mexican Coast, April 28, 1912
April 28, 1912
Published in The Courier (Buffalo, NY), (No page number located): The article announces that Britain, France and Germany have sent war boats to the Mexican coast to protect the life and property of their citizens. It is stated that President Taft has warned that any intervention will lead to the immediate killings of foreign citizens in Mexico.
61
Madero’s New Ambassador Won’t Present Credentials; Presence Called an Insult, April 30, 1912
April 30, 1912
Published in the New York American, p. 13: The article announces that the former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Manuel Colero, plans to leave the U.S. without meeting with the Department of State as a result of his insulting reply to President Taft’s admonition. The article also states that troops are being prepared for a conflict in the greatest mobilization since the Spanish-American war.
62
Mexican Police Seize Rifles Sent by U.S., April 30, 1912
April 30, 1912
Published in the New York Evening Journal, (No page number located): The article announces that the Mexican police seized a shipment of rifles from the U.S. to Mexico, although the arms were intended for the use of U.S. citizens to protect themselves.
63
Mexico’s Real Peri, May 30, 1912
May 30, 1912
Published in the New York Evening Mail, (No page number located): The article discusses the role of European nations in Mexico, stating that the U.S. government would not be concerned if intervention occurred without the purpose of territorial gains. The article asserts that the Monroe Doctrine would not be violated by intervention with the intend of protecting foreign interests in Mexico.
64
Calero’s Coming Makes Mexican Situation Graver, May 1, 1912
May 1, 1912
Published in the New York American, p. 13: The article announces that the arrival of Manuel Calero, writer of the response to President Taft’s admonition of Mexico, and states that his visit does not necessarily imply that a solution to the conflict will be found. The article also asserts that intervention would mean war.
65
This Bloomin’ Yankee as ‘Is Nerve, eh...', May 2, 1912
May 2, 1912
Published in The Post, (Pittsburg, PA), (No page number located): The article depicts the personifications of England and France standing outside of a fence with a sign that says, "Monroe Doctrine Keep Out.Uncle Sam." The other side of the fence has a large building that says, "Mexico" with a large cloud above it with the word, "revolt."
66
Mexican Move for Peace: Appointment of Commission by the Congress, May 3, 1912
May 3, 1912
Published in the New York Evening Post, p. 1: The article announces that a peace commission has been appointed by the Mexican congress to work directly with revolutionary groups to reach a solution. The article states that the State Department has regarded this move as significant. References are also made to deported foreigners, the unknown location of Emilio Vasquez Gomez, and a Chicago woman’s missing daughter in northern Mexico, who is suspected to have been murdered by Yaqui Indians.
67
Gomez Proclaimed as President of Mexico, May 5, 1912
May 5, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 5: The article announces that Emilio Vasquez Gomez has been selected as the provisional president of the revolution in the newly established revolutionary capital in Ciudad Juárez. The article states that the rebels are seeking recognition by the U.S., and that Gomez’s new cabinet has been selected.
68
Mexican Rebels Proclaim Gomez Their President, May 5, 1912
May 5, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, p. 3: The article announces that Emilio Vasquez Gomez has been selected as the provisional president of the revolution in the newly established revolutionary capital in Ciudad Juárez. It is also stated that the Mexican government has accused the U.S. of failing to keep Vasquez Gomez from conspiring on U.S. soil, and that many U.S. citizens have now been arrested and accused of being spies.
69
Mexico and the Monroe Doctrine, May 5, 1912
May 5, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 10: The article discusses the situation in Mexico, and discusses several sides of the issue. It states that the U.S.’s interest in preserving the property and lives of its citizens are justified, but that the Mexican government’s response is also justified in that they have already proven themselves unrelated to the revolutionary groups causing the damage.
70
Pleads for Mexico: Ambassador Calero Says U.S. Misjudges War Turmoil, May 6, 1912
May 6, 1912
Published in the Washington Post, p. 1: The article announces that Manuel Calero has arrived in the U.S. and has stated that the changes in Mexico’s governance are necessary to create a true democracy, there is no anti-American sentiment in Mexico, and that Chihuahua is the only state in which banditry is occurring in Mexico.
71
1,000 Americans in Mexico City Now Armed for Defense, May 6, 1912
May 6, 1912
Published in the New York Press, p. 1: The article announces that 1,000 Americans have collaborated in Mexico City to form a defense group in case of an escalated conflict. It is also stated that a wealthy American named J.W.C. Love was beaten and robbed during the day.
72
Mexican Rebels Seek Mr. Taft’s Aid, May 6, 1912
May 6, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, p. 4: The article announces that the Mexican rebels hope to seek recognition as a belligerent by the U.S. government. The reason for the revolution is provided in correspondence from an envoy of Emilio Vasquez Gomez, and it is stated that peonage and human slavery are their major rallying points.
73
Colero Denies That Madero Received Taft’s Ultimatum, May 6, 1912
May 6, 1912
Published in the New York American, p. 11: The article announces that Manuel Colero has denied that Madero’s government received the ultimatum issued by the Taft administration, and that the message received by them was not the same. It is also stated that Colero has criticized the State Department’s description of the revolutionary conflicts in northern Chihuahua, as it has made the issue appear larger than it truly is, and it has created the appearance of war.
74
Mexico’s Latest Insurgent Junta Explains Cause, May 6, 1912
May 6, 1912
Published in the New York World, p. 11: The article announces that correspondence from the new revolutionary provisional government has explained the cause of the conflict, and has attributed Mexico’s problems to Madero’s betrayal of the revolution and the Mexican government’s inability to protect Americans.
75
Status of the Mexican Insurgents, May 7, 1912
May 7, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 10: The article announces that a provision government for the revolutionaries has been established in Chihuahua, and the situation of the insurgents is discussed. The article states that the rebels have money, but that they do not enjoy the support of the U.S. because the U.S. government does not view their revolution as a quest for human rights.
76
A Mexican View of American Intervention, May 12, 1912
May 12, 1912
Published in the New York Call, p. 6: The article provides an overview of the situation in Mexico from the perspective of a Mexican newspaperman. There are references to U.S. intervention being considered a crime, and the fact that the protection of foreign interests and foreigners often comes before the protection of Mexicans under the Mexican government.
77
Reports of yesterday’s battle in Mexico rearouse the hope..., May 13, 1912
May 13, 1912
Published in the Brooklyn Citizen, (No page number located): The article announces that faith in Madero is decreasing as a result of the continuing battles in Mexico and the likelihood that his troops will desert him due to demoralization.
78
'Mighty Peril' for US in Mexico Affairs, May 16, 1912
May 16, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 4: The article announces that U.S. intervention in Mexico would result in war with Latin America.
79
Cuba and Mexico, May 22, 1912
May 22, 1912
Published in The American (Baltimore, MD), (No page number located): The article announces the importance of the Monroe Doctrine in several unstable Latin American countries, and states that U.S. involvement would be beneficial to the countries involved just as a Japan’s involvement was beneficial to Korea. It is stated, however, that U.S. intervention will be avoided.
80
Anglo-German Feeling: Impressions from Berlin, May 30, 1912
May 30, 1912
Published in The Dundee Advertiser (England), (No page number located): The article discusses the perceived perspective of Germany of Britain, and the role of individual impressions upon visiting a country.
81
Orozco’s Rebels Routed, Washington Hears, June 14, 1912
June 14, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 10: The article announces an unconfirmed defeat of Orozco by the federal forces in Durango. It is also stated that the rebel forces have heard word of the federal forces facing a shortage in supplies south of Chihuahua.
82
Negro Leader Says He’ll Hang and Burn, June 17, 1912
June 17, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 5: The article announces that General Monteaguado in Cuba has stated that General Antomanchi, leader of the negroes, is not likely to carry out his threat to hang and burn all whites in El Cobre.
83
Mexican Forces Clash Preparing for Big Battle, June 17, 1912
June 17, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, p. 9: The article announces that a recent clash in Chihuahua has preceded an expected battle at Bachimba Pass between General Huerta and General Orozco.
84
Cuba and Mexico, June 19, 1912
June 19, 1912
Published in the New York Times, p. 12: The article discusses the current state of affairs in both Mexico and Cuba, describing Cuba’s conflict as nearly finished, and describing the violence of the Mexican as diminishing. It is stated that U.S. intervention is not being discussed.
85
80 Federals Die in Mexican Fight, June 19, 1912
June 19, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, p. 22: The article announces that a recent battle near Concho, Chihuahua was won by the rebels, and that the federals were forced to withdraw after 80 deaths.
86
Every One Wants to Be the General, June 20, 1912
June 20, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 6: The article announces the disintegration of a federal troop in Sonora as a result of jealousies. The specific generals and their men are described, including the direction in which they are headed.
87
Mexican Federals Closing on Rebels, June 24, 1912
June 24, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, p. 11: The article announces that the federal troops are advancing on the rebels near Bachimba, and that an attack on Ciudad Juárez is expected soon. References are also made to rebels other than Orozco who are leading the revolutionary troops.
88
Drops the U.S. Loan: Facing Money Crisis, Nicaragua Hits ‘Dollar Diplomacy’, July 1, 1912
July 1, 1912
Published in the Washington Post, p. 6: The article announces that Nicaragua hopes to put an end to "dollar diplomacy" with the U.S. after two years of futile negotiations with the U.S. over a $15,000,000 loan that has caused financial hardship there.
89
Nicaragua Blames Dollar Diplomacy for Money Straits, July 1, 1912
July 1, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, p. 16: The article announces that Nicaragua blames "dollar diplomacy" and the failure of the proposed U.S. loan on their current financial situation. It is asserted that Nicaragua has criticized the State Department for delaying the loan for so long.
90
Madero’s Cavalry Enters Chihuahua, July 6, 1912
July 6, 1912
Published in the New York Times, p. 3: The article announces that the city of Chihuahua was taken by the federals after Orozco gave orders to his forces to leave the city and not resist federal troops when they approached. It is also stated that guerilla warfare appears to have replaced the revolutionaries’ military campaign.
91
After Bachimba, July 6, 1912
July 6, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 6: The article announces that Orozco and his forces have left the city of Chihuahua and have headed in the direction of Bachimba. It is stated that this may have been a previously planned retreat.
92
Chihuahua Rejoices as Federals Enter, July 8, 1912
July 8, 1912
Published in the New York Times, p. 5: The article announces that Chihuahua had a positive reaction to federal control, and that many foreigners are happy with federal occupation of the capital city. It is also stated that Orozco has ordered guerilla warfare on the federals.
93
Army, True to Orozco, Is on Way to Sonora, July 9, 1912
July 9, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, (No page number located): The article announces that Orozco and his troops are on their way to Sonora, and are currently training in Casas Grandes.
94
American Consul Arrested in Juarez, July 10, 1912
July 10, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, p. 20: The article announces that an American consul was arrested in Juárez with 24 others as a result of a customs dispute, and that looting has begun in Juárez. It is stated that Juárez is "on the verge of a riot".
95
Mexico’s Finances Reported Excellent, July 10, 1912
July 10, 1912
Published in the New York Herald, p. 20: The article announces that the Secretary of Finances, Ernesto Madero, has reported Mexico’s finances as excellent. It is stated that a surplus of several million pesos has been accounted for. There is also a reference to claims of election fraud, which have been sent to the Department of Justice.
96
Madero Raises Loan of $10,000,000 Here, July 12, 1912
July 12, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, (No page number located): The article announces that Madero’s father has secured $10,000,000 from banks in New York to fund a new defense program.
97
Gets Another Chance at Rebel Presidency: Gomez, Who Was Rejected by Orozco, May Be Recalled to Juarez, July 13, 1912
July 13, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, (No page number located): The article announces that Emilio Vasquez Gomez has been reinstated as the provisional revolutionary president of Mexico, after Orozco had previously rejected him. It is stated that he will be recalled to Juárez from San Antonio, Texas where he has been staying.
98
Mexican Rebels Meet Little Opposition: Federal Commanders Having Difficulty Urging Men to Oppose Advance, September 20, 1912
September 20, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p 3: The article announces that the federal commanders in the Pacific coast region have been unable to rally their soldiers sufficiently during rebel advances. It is stated that the rebels have found little opposition in the area.
99
Our Duty Toward Mexico, September 10, 1912
September 10, 1912
Published in the New York Sun, p. 8: The article discusses the current situation in Mexico, and states that President Taft’s policies have been sensible and effective. It is asserted that U.S. involvement would mean war, and would compromise Mexico’s sovereignty.
100
The Passage of Mexican Troops Through American Territory, February 12, 1913
February 12, 1913
Published in the New York Sun, p. 8: The article discusses a rumor that Mexican troops intend to cross over the border into Arizona for purposes related to the revolution, and argues that it would violate international law and cause hardship for the peaceful state of Arizona.
101
Madero Starts Attack on Diaz, February 11, 1913
February 11, 1913
Published in the New York Herald, (No page number located): The article discusses the role of Felix Díaz as he becomes more popular, and refers to the significance of his status compared to Madero’s waning support.
102
American Woman Dead in Mexico City, February 13, 1913
February 13, 1913
Published in the New York Herald, p. 1,2: The article announces that one American woman was killed in a recent conflict in Mexico City, and another was mortally wounded. It is stated that several officials ordered a cease-fire, but that there was no guarantee that the conflict would end. It is stated that Madero is considering moving from Mexico City to San Luis Potosí.
103
Time for Temporizing Has Passed, February 14, 1913
February 14, 1913
Published in Henry Romeike, Inc., (No page number located): The article states that Director Barrett of the Pan-American Union has suggest mediation instead of intervention, including a meeting between several representatives to discuss possible solutions to the current conflict in Mexico.
104
The Revolution in Mexico: Temporary Truce, February 14, 1913
February 14, 1913
Published in The Daily Telegraph, p. 12: The article announces that rebel forces were active through the night, and that news reports of Madero’s resignation are false. It is also stated that an armistice has been arranged between Díaz and Madero to allow foreigners time to relocate to neutral space.
105
Intervention in Mexico, February 15, 1913
February 15, 1913
Published in Henry Romeike, Inc., (No page number located): The article discusses President Taft’s policy on Mexico, and agrees with his statement that armed intervention in Mexico would only mean war. The role of the U.S. in the affairs of other foreigners in Mexico is discussed.
106
Bullets at Haphazard: Ambassador’s Narrow Escape, February 14, 1913
February 14, 1913
Published in The Standard (London), (No page number located): The article announces that U.S. Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson was almost shot by bullets from a federal battery that was intended to respond to rebel forces.
107
Would You Die for Your Country? February 14, 1913
February 14, 1913
Published in Henry Romeike, Inc., (No page number located): The article discusses how people are willing to die for their country in times of war, but are not willing to fulfill the other basic functions of citizenship in times of peace.
108
The Revolution in Mexico: Manifesto by General Felix Diaz, February 18, 1913
February 18, 1913
Published in The Financial Times, (No page number located): The article discusses the revolution in Mexico, and recalls the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz and the unrest that it caused. It states that the revolution occurred in response to an abuse of power that needed to changed.
109
Mexico, February 22, 1913
February 22, 1913
Published in Henry Romeike, Inc., (No page number located):The article asserts that the conflicts in Mexico are not from war, but rather from anarchy.
110
No Intervention, Is Taft’s Decision, February 23, 1913
February 23, 1913
Published in Henry Romeike, Inc., (No page number located): The article discusses President’s Taft’s continued policy of non-intervention in Mexico, and states that U.S. intervention would be costly, would result in many unnecessary deaths, and would not be beneficial to the U.S.
111
Must Be Patient With Mexico- Taft, February 23, 1913
February 23, 1913
Published in Henry Romeike, Inc., (No page number located): The article announces that President Taft reiterated the importance of non-intervention at a recent peace dinner.
112
Wilson Will Find Army Ready to Use, February 23, 1913
February 23, 1913
Published in Henry Romeike, Inc., (No page number located): The article announces that President Taft has arranged 10,000 troops at Galveston, Texas in preparation for U.S. involvement if necessary. It is stated that this move has been made just before Taft’s term ends.
113
Taft Explains Army Orders, February 23, 1913
February 23, 1913
Published in Henry Romeike, Inc., (No page number located): The article announces that President Taft has arranged 10,000 troops at Galveston, Texas in preparation for U.S. involvement if necessary. It is stated that this move has been made just before Taft’s term ends.
114
Taft Declares Against Intervention in Mexico, February 23, 1913
February 23, 1913
Published in Henry Romeike, Inc., (No page number located): The article announces that President Taft has declared himself unequivocally against U.S. intervention in Mexico, and recently stated that he does not sympathize with those who wish to exploit the U.S. by encouraging its involvement in Mexico. It is mentioned that these statements were made at a dinner for the American Peace and Arbitration Society.
115
Favors Intervention, February 23, 1913
February 23, 1913
Published in Henry Romeike, Inc., (No page number located): The article announces that Dr. John Wesley Hill, president of the International Peace Forum, has stated that U.S. intervention would be beneficial to Mexico. It is asserted that Hill does not believe it must be military intervention, but that the U.S. should encourage Mexico to restore order.