Collection Summary
Civil Rights History Project collection
2010-2016
2010-2016
AFC
2010/039
American Folklife Center
National Museum of African American History and Culture (U.S.)
1,202 items
1,024 video
files (HD, Apple ProRes 4:2:2 HQ) : color, sound
15
videocassettes (DVCam) : color, sound ; 1/4 in.
147 transcripts : digital,
pdf
16 photographs : color,
digital, jpg
English
Collection material in English
American Folklife Center, Library of Congress
Washington, D.C.
Collection of 145 filmed oral history
interviews of 175 participants in the United States civil rights movement and their
family members.
Provenance
Accessioned; 2010-2016.
Accruals
No further accruals are expected.
Processing History
The Civil Rights History Project collection was processed by American Folklife Center
staff between 2013 and 2018. Video processing was done by Guha Shankar and Steve
Berkley. The finding aid was arranged and encoded in EAD by Kate Stewart in 2013. An
accrual was encoded in EAD by Farrah Cundiff in 2022.
Other Repositories
The interviews in this collection are also a part of the collections of the [National Museum of African American History and Culture].
Copyright Status
Duplication of collection materials may be governed by copyright and other
restrictions.
Access and Restrictions
The Civil Rights History Project collection is open to research. To request materials,
please contact the Folklife Reading Room at [https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.afc/folklife.contact]
Certain restrictions to use or copying of materials may apply.
Online Content
The Civil Rights History Project collection is available on the Library of Congress
website at [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.afc/collafc.afc2010039].
The interviews are also accessible through the Library's YouTube site and the National
Museum of African American History and Culture website.
Preferred Citation
Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information:
[item, date, container number], Civil Rights History Project collection, American
Folklife Center, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Administrative History
On May 12, 2009, the U.S. Congress authorized a national initiative by passing The Civil
Rights History Project Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-19). The law directed the Library of
Congress (LOC) and the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African American
History and Culture (NMAAHC) to conduct a survey of existing oral history collections
with relevance to the civil rights movement, and to record new interviews with people
who participated in the movement.
The American Folklore Society (AFS) oversaw a research team of four scholars who
gathered information for the survey in 2010. The information was compiled into the [CRHP National Survey
Database of Civil Rights Collections] in 2011 by Washington State University's
Center for Digital Scholarship and Curation.
The NMAAHC sponsored six initial interviews in late 2010. The NMAAHC contracted with the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Southern Oral History Program to conduct
50 more interviews in 2011, recorded by Media Generation. An additional 52 interviews
were conducted in 2013; and 37 interviews conducted in 2016. Videography and tech
support was provided by the UNC Southern Oral History Program, Smithsonian Center for
Folklife and Cultural Heritage, and Future View Inc.
Curation, preservation, and access to the interviews is a joint undertaking of the
American Folklife Center and the NMAAHC.
Scope and Content
The collection contains 145 filmed oral history interviews of 175 participants in the
United States civil rights movement and their family members. Also includes interview
transcripts and photographs. The oral histories were conducted by historians Julian
Bond, Taylor Branch, David P. Cline, Emilye Crosby, John Dittmer, Will Griffin, Hasan
Kwame Jeffries, Joseph Mosnier, LaFleur Paysour, Dwandalyn Reece, Patricia Sullivan, and
Kieran Walsh Taylor. Most of the interviews were filmed by John Bishop.
The interviews were conducted with activists who were also lawyers, judges, doctors,
farmers, journalists, professors, union organizers, teachers, and musicians, among other
occupations. The interviews cover a wide variety of topics within the civil rights
movement, such as the influence of the labor movement, nonviolence and self-defense,
religious faith, music, and the experiences of young activists. Most interviewees
belonged to national organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), or the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). They also belonged to specialized and local
groups including the Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR), the Deacons for Defense
and Justice, the Cambridge (Maryland) Nonviolent Action Committee, Law Students Civil
Rights Research Council (LSCRRC), the National Student Association (NSA), the Nonviolent
Action Group (NAG), and the Newark Community Union Project. Some interviews were
conducted in groups with families, couples, or participants of the same event. Several
of the interviews were conducted with the children of civil rights leaders including
Clara Luper, Robert Hicks, Gayle Jenkins, Ralph Abernathy and Oliver Hill, Sr.
Interviews were also conducted with activists who worked in cities that are not
well-known for their civil rights movement history, including Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;
Saint Augustine, Florida; Seattle, Washington; and Bogalusa, Louisiana. Major civil
rights movement events discussed in the interviews include the Albany Movement, the
Selma to Montgomery Rights March, the Orangeburg Massacre, the March on Washington, the
Freedom Rides, Mississippi Freedom Summer, the riots of 1968, and the murder of Emmett
Till.
Arrangement
The collection is arranged in two series: Series 1: Administrative; and Series 2:
Interviews. Interviews are listed in order of interview number.
Selected Search Terms
The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the LC Catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically.
People
Abernathy, Donzaleigh
Abernathy, Juandalynn R.
Abernathy, Ralph David, 1959-
Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990.
Ackerman, David M.
Ackerman, Satoko Ito, 1939-
Adams-Johnson, Frankye
Alexander, Roberta
Anderson, Cynthia Baker
Anderson, Fletcher, 1938-
Anderson, William G., 1927-
Arellanes, Gloria, 1946-
Avery, Annie Pearl, 1943-
Bailey, D'Army, 1941-2015
Bassett, Emmett W., 1921-
Bassett, Priscilla, 1928-
Bates, Scott, 1923-2013
Becton, Julius W. (Julius Wesley), 1926-
Bennett, Geraldine Crawford
Bishop, John Melville
Blake, Harry, 1934-
Bond, Julian, 1940-2015
Booker, Simeon, 1918-2017
Branch, Raylawni G., 1941-
Branch, Taylor
Breaux, Toni, 1947-
Broadway, Louise W., 1930-
Brown, Amos C. (Amos Cleophilus)
Brown, Harold K., 1934-
Brown, Robert J., 1935-
Browner, Clifford
Bruce, Walter, 1928-2014
Burns, Julia Matilda, 1938-
Burras, Carol Cummings, 1945-
Caldwell, Ben R.
Camarillo, Mateo, 1941-
Carawan, Candie
Carawan, Guy
Carlos, John, 1945-
Carter, Robert L., 1917-2012
Churchville, John Elliott
Clark, Robert George, 1929-
Cleaver, Kathleen
Cline, David P., 1969-
Collins, Barbara Maria, 1947-
Connor, Peggy Jean
Conway, Purcell Maurice, 1948-
Cotton, Dorothy F., 1930-2018
Cox, Courtland, 1941-
Crosby, David L., 1941-
Crosby, Emilye
Crosby, Patricia A.
Dahmer, Ellie J., 1925-
Dahmer, Vernon Ferdinand, 1908-1966.
Dahmer, Vernon, Jr.
Daniels, Jonathan Myrick, 1939-1965.
Derby, Doris Adelaide
Diamond, Dion T., 1941-
Dittmer, John, 1939-
Dixon, Aaron, 1949-
Dixon, Elmer
Dove, Samuel, 1942-
Dudley, John F., 1933-
Duncan, Gwendolyn Annette
Evers, Medgar Wiley, 1925-1963.
Finney, Ernest A., Jr. (Ernest Adolphus), 1931-2017
Forman, James, 1928-2005.
Fuller, Linda, 1941-
Funchess, Glenda, 1954-
Gaither, Thomas Walter, 1938-
Geiger, Jack, 1925-
George, Virginia Simms, 1940-
Glascoe, Myrtle Gonza
Greenberg, Jack, 1924-2016
Greene, Freddie, 1945-
Griffin, Willie James, 1974-
Grinage, Ben.
Grinnell, Gloria Claudette, 1939-
Guster, Leesco
Guyot, Lawrence, 1939-2012
Hamer, Fannie Lou.
Hamilton, Audrey Nell
Hansen, Bill, 1939-
Hayling, Robert Bagner
Head, Rosie M.
Henderson, Juadine
Hicks, Charles Ray, 1945-
Hicks, Darryl Robertson
Hicks, Gregory Vincent, 1950-
Hicks, Robert Lawrence, 1948-
Hicks, Robert, 1929-2010.
Hicks, Valeria Payton
Hicks, Valeria Payton.
Hildreth, Marilyn Luper, 1947-
Hildreth, Marilyn Luper, 1947-
Hill, Oliver W., 1949-
Holloway, Eddie A., 1952-
Holloway, Emma Kate
Holloway, Lucius, 1932-
Hopkins, Evans D., 1954-
Howard, Elbert, 1938-2018
Howell, Embry
Howell, Joseph T.
Hrabowski, Freeman A.
Huggins, Ericka
Hutchings, Phil, 1942-
Jackson, Gertrude Newsome, 1923-
Jarmon, Charles
Jeffries, Hasan Kwame, 1973-
Jenkins, Esau, 1910-1972.
Jenkins, Gayle, -2002.
Jenkins, Mary F., 1928-2014
Jenkins, Timothy Lionel, 1938-
Jenkins, Willie Elliot, 1952-
Jenkins, Willie Elliot, 1952-
Jones, Clarence B., 1931-
Jones, James Oscar, 1943-
Jones, Jamila, 1944-
Jones, Mary A., 1933-
Jones, Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1914-2018
Kennard, Clyde, 1927-1963.
King, Lonnie C., 1936-
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968.
Ladner, Dorie
Ladner, Joyce A.
Lawrence, William M., 1922-2014
Lawson, Jennifer, 1946-
Leventhal, Willy S. (Willy Siegel), 1946-2016
Long, Worth W.
Lowery, Joseph E.
Lucy, William, 1933-
Luper, Calvin, 1946-
Luper, Clara, 1923-2011.
Magee, Clarence
Mahone, Sam, 1945-
Marshall, Cecilia, 1928-
McCarty, Michael D., 1950-
McClary, Robert, 1938-2017
McCullar, Johnnie Ruth, 1940-
McDew, Charles
McKinney, Samuel Berry, 1926-
McLaurin, Charles
McNichols, Steven
Miller, Carolyn, 1953-
Miller, Grace H., 1932-
Miller, James E., 1949-
Moldovan, Alfred, 1921-2013
Montes, Carlos, 1947-
Moore, E. Maynard, 1938-
Moore, William Lewis, 1927-1963.
Mosnier, Joseph
Mtume, Norma
Mulholland, Joan Trumpauer, 1941-
Newson, Moses J., 1927-
Noonan, Martha P.
Parker, Wheeler, 1939-
Parker, Wheeler, 1939-
Patton, Gwendolyn M., 1943-
Paysour, LaFleur
Perry, Matthew J. (Matthew James), 1921-2011
Reece, Dwandalyn R.
Richardson, Gloria, 1922-
Richardson, Judy, 1944-
Robinson, Betty Garman
Robinson, Reginald, 1939-
Rosenberg, Jean Voelker
Rosenberg, John M., 1931-
Roxborough, Mildred Bond, 1926-
Russell, Bill, 1934-
Sales, Ruby
Saunders, William, 1935-
Seeger, Pete, 1919-2014
Sellers, Cleveland, 1944-
Sherrod, Charles, 1937-
Sherrod, Shirley, 1948-
Siler, Charles E.
Simmons, Gwendolyn Zoharah
Simpson, Euvester, 1945-
Smith, Jeanette, 1940-2018
Sobol, Anne Buxton
Sobol, Richard B.
Stewart, Eleanor, 1938-
Strickland, William, 1937-
Suggs, Frances L., 1935-
Suggs, Harold, 1935-
Sullivan, Patricia, 1950-
Taylor, Kieran Walsh
Terry, Esther M. A., 1939-
Thelwell, Michael
Till, Emmett, 1941-1955.
Till-Mobley, Mamie, 1921-2003.
Tillow, Kay
Tillow, Walter M., 1940-
Todd, Lisa Anderson, 1942-
Tuttle, Rick
Ulmer, JoeAnn Anderson
Varela, Maria, 1940-
Vickers, Barbara Edna, 1923-
Vivian, C. T.
Walker, Theresa Ann
Walker, Wyatt Tee
Walter, Mildred Pitts
Williams, Cecil J., 1937-
Williams, Junius W., 1943-
Wright, Simeon, 1942-2017
Wright, Simeon, 1942-2017.
Young, Carrie Lamar, 1948-
Young, Sam, 1950-
Zapata, Luis, 1944-2015
Zellner, Dorothy
Organizations
Albany Movement (Albany, Ga.)
American Folklife Center
Archive of Folk Culture (Library of Congress)
Black Panther Party.
Black People's Unity Movement (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Bogalusa Voters League.
Cambridge Nonviolent Action Committee (Cambridge, Md.)
Citizenship Education Program.
Civil Rights History Project (U.S.)
Congress of Racial Equality.
Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)
Crown Zellerbach Corporation.
Deacons for Defense and Justice.
Democratic National Convention (1964 : Atlantic City, N.J.)
Dexter Avenue Baptist Church (Montgomery, Ala.)
Federation of Southern Cooperatives.
Free Southern Theater.
Freedom Singers (SNCC)
Harambee Singers.
Highlander Folk School (Monteagle, Tenn.)
Koinonia Farm.
Law Students Civil Rights Research Council (U.S.)
Lawyers Constitutional Defense Committee (U.S.)
Library of Congress
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963 : Washington, D.C.)
Medical Committee for Human Rights (U.S.)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.
Mississippi Freedom Labor Union.
Mississippi Freedom Project.
Mississippi Freedom Schools.
Montgomery Gospel Trio.
N.S.M Freedom Library.
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Youth Council.
National Brown Beret Organization.
National Museum of African American History and Culture (U.S.)
Newark Community Union Project (N.J.)
Nonviolent Action Group (Washington, D.C.)
Northern Student Movement.
Selma to Montgomery Rights March (1965 : Selma, Ala.)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
Southern Oral History Program.
Southwest Georgia Project.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)
Students for a Democratic Society (U.S.)
Summer Community Organization and Political Education (Organization)
United States National Student Association.
United States. Department of Justice. Civil Rights Division--History.
Subjects
African American athletes--Interviews.
African American civil rights workers--Interviews.
African American clergy--Interviews.
African American college students--Interviews.
African American college teachers--Interviews.
African American journalists--Interviews.
African American judges--Interviews.
African American lawyers--Interviews.
African American veterans--Interviews.
African American women civil rights workers--Interviews.
Chicano movement.
Civil rights demonstrations--Florida--Saint Augustine.
Civil rights demonstrations--Louisiana--Bogalusa.
Civil rights demonstrations--Oklahoma--Oklahoma City.
Civil rights movements--United States.
Civil rights workers--United States--Interviews.
Discrimination in employment--United States.
Discrimination in medical care--United States.
Discrimination in public accommodations--United States.
Folk singers--Interviews.
Freedom Rides, 1961.
Montgomery Bus Boycott, Montgomery, Ala., 1955-1956.
Nonviolence--United States--History--20th century.
Poor People's Campaign.
School integration--United States.
Voter registration--Southern States.
Women civil rights workers--United States--Interviews.
Places
United States--Race relations.
Form/Genre
Digital photographs.
Interviews.
Manuscripts.
Oral histories.
Personal narratives.
Transcripts.
Video recordings.
Catalog Record: [https://lccn.loc.gov/2012655221]
Contents List
Series 1:
Administrative
1/1
Finding Aid
Series 2: Interviews
Robert L. Carter oral history
interview conducted by Patricia Sullivan in New York, New York, October 23, 2010
October 23, 2010
Digital content available
Biographical History: Robert L. Carter was born in
1917, grew up in New Jersey, and attended Lincoln University, Howard University
Law School, and Columbia University Law School. He worked as a National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) attorney, legal
assistant to Thurgood Marshall, 1944-1955, general counsel, 1955-1968 and
judge, 1972-2012. He argued many civil rights cases such as Sweatt v. Painter,
Brown v. Board of Education, and Sipuel v. Board of Regents of University of
Oklahoma. Carter died in 2012.
Summary: Robert L. Carter recalls growing up in
Newark, New Jersey, and attending Lincoln University, Howard University Law
School, and Columbia University. He discusses hearing Marian Anderson sing at
the Lincoln Memorial and his service in the segregated army during World War
II. He recounts his career as a lawyer with the NAACP Legal Defense Fund,
including the Brown v. Board of Education case and other legal cases that ended
segregation.
Moving Images
3 videocassettes of 3 (DVCam) (186 min.) :
sound, color ; 1/4 in. camera master
afc2010039_crhp0001_mv01-03
Photographs
2 photographs : digital, jpg files
afc2010039_crhp0001_ph1-2
4/13
Manuscripts
1 transcript (87 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0001_Carter_transcript
Mildred Bond Roxborough oral
history interview conducted by Julian Bond in New York, New York, October 29, 2010
October 29, 2010
Digital content available
Biographical History: Mildred Bond Roxborough was
born in 1926, grew up in Brownsville, Tennessee, and attended Howard
University, New York University, and Columbia University. She married John W.
Roxborough, II, in 1963. She worked as an administrator at the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1954 to
1997.
Summary: Roxborough discusses how she became active
in the Civil Rights Movement at the age of nine, when she sold subscriptions to
the NAACP
The Crisis
magazine. Roxborough began working with the NAACP as a fieldworker and
worked in a variety of administrative positions including as director of
development.
Moving Images
2 videocassettes of 2 (DVCam) (84 min.) : sound,
color ; 1/4 in. camera master
afc2010039_crhp0002_mv01-02
Photographs
2 photographs : digital, jpg files
afc2010039_crhp0002_ph1-2
4/14
Manuscripts
1 transcript (75 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0002_Roxborough_transcript
Myrtle Gonza Glascoe oral
history interview conducted by Dwandalyn Reece in Capitol Heights, Maryland,
November 17, 2010
November 17, 2010
Digital content available
Biographical History: Myrtle Gonza Glascoe was born
in 1936 and attended Howard University, University of Pennsylvania, and Harvard
University. She worked as a social worker, college professor, and teacher. From
1965 to 1967 she was a Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Field
Secretary in Phillips County, Arkansas, and West Point, Mississippi.
Summary: Myrtle Gonza Glascoe recalls growing up in
Washington, D.C., attending Howard University and the University of
Pennsylvania, and her early career in education and social work. She remembers
joining the Baltimore Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), moving to California,
and her work as a Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Field
Secretary in West Point, Mississippi and Phillips County, Arkansas, where she
worked closely with Howard Himmelbaum and Gertrude Jackson. She also discusses
her work as the director of the Avery Research Center and her opinions on the
education of African Americans.
Moving Images
2 videocassettes of 2 (DVCam) (94 min.) : sound,
color ; 1/4 in. camera master
afc2010039_crhp0003_mv01-02
Photographs
3 photographs : digital, jpg files
afc2010039_crhp0003_ph1-3
4/15
Manuscripts
1 transcript (83 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0003_Glascoe_transcript
Gertrude Newsome Jackson oral
history interview conducted by LaFleur Paysour in Marvell, Arkansas, November 22, 2010
November 22, 2010
Digital content available
Biographical History: Gertrude Newsome Jackson was
born in 1923 in Madison, Illinois, married Earliss Jackson in 1943, and had
nine children. She attended Marvell High School and worked as a farmer and
housewife. Jackson and her husband were farmers in Jonesridge, Arkansas, and
provided food and shelter to Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
fieldworkers in Marvell, Arkansas during the 1960s.
Summary: Gertrude Jackson recalls growing up in
Madison, Illinois, and Marvell, Arkansas. She recalls organizing her community
to renovate a local segregated school and becoming involved in the civil rights
movement in rural Arkansas. She discusses assisting Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC) fieldworkers Howard Himmelbaum and Myrtle
Glascoe, working for Head Start, and starting a community center. Jackson's
grandson is also interviewed.
Moving Images
2 videocassettes of 2 (DVCam) (117 min.) :
sound, color ; 1/4 in. camera master
afc2010039_crhp0004_mv01-02
Photographs
3 photographs : digital, jpg files
afc2010039_crhp0004_ph1-3
5/1
Manuscripts
1 transcript (102 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0004_Jackson_transcript
Lawrence Guyot oral history
interview conducted by Julian Bond in Washington, D.C., December 30, 2010
December 30, 2010
Digital content available
Biographical History: Lawrence Guyot, Jr., was born
in 1939 in Pass Christian, Mississippi. He married Monica Kline in 1967 and had
two children. He attended Tougaloo College and Rutgers University, worked as a
lobbyist and longshoreman in Washington, D. C., and fundraiser for Mary Holmes
Junior College. He was a Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Field
Secretary and chair of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. Guyot died in
2012.
Summary: Lawrence Guyot recalls growing up in Pass
Christian, Mississippi, and the influence of his family, and attending Tougaloo
College. He remembers meeting members of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC), joining the organization, and participating in Freedom
Summer. He discusses his opinions and memories of Mississippi politics, the
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, and his later life in Washington, D.
C.
Moving Images
2 videocassettes of 2 (DVCam) (87 min.) : sound,
color ; 1/4 in. camera master
afc2010039_crhp0005_mv01-02
Photographs
3 photographs : digital, jpg files
afc2010039_crhp0005_ph1-3
5/2
Manuscripts
1 transcript (86 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0005_Guyot_transcript
C. T. Vivian oral history
interview conducted by Taylor Branch in Atlanta, Georgia, March 29, 2011
March 29, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: C. T. Vivian was born in 1924
in Howard County, Missouri, married Octavia Genes, and had four children. He
attended Western Illinois University and worked as a minister and civil rights
leader in Nashville, Tennessee.
Summary: C. T. Vivian recalls growing up in Macomb,
Illinois, working in Peoria, Illinois, and his call to the ministry. He
discusses attending the American Baptist Theological Seminary in Nashville,
Tennessee, where he met other civil rights activists and participated in
demonstrations. He remembers planning the Freedom Rides, his imprisonment at
Parchman Prison, the Children's Crusade in Birmingham, Alabama, and working for
the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).
Moving Images
4 videocassettes of 4 (DVCam) (246 min.) :
sound, color ; 1/4 in. camera master
afc2010039_crhp0006_mv01-04
Photographs
3 photographs : digital, jpg files
afc2010039_crhp0006_ph1-3
5/3-4
Manuscripts
1 transcript (229 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0006_Vivian_transcript
Ruby Nell Sales oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Atlanta, Georgia, April 25, 2011
April 25, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Ruby Sales was born in 1948
and grew up in Alabama. She attended Carver High School, Tuskegee University,
and Manhattanville College. She worked as the founder and director of
Spirithouse and as a social justice activist. She was a Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC) field worker in Alabama.
Summary: Ruby Sales discusses her father's military
career, growing up in Columbus, Georgia, and attending the Tuskegee Institute.
She recalls joining the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the
Selma to Montgomery March, registering voters in Lowndes County, Alabama, and
her arrest in Hayneville, Alabama. She remembers the murder of Jonathan
Daniels, a seminary student who saved her life, and discusses her opinions on
African American history and the current rate of African Americans in
prison.
Moving Images
10 video files of 10 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (92 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0007_mv01-10
1/2
Manuscripts
1 transcript (46 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0007_sales_transcript
Doris Adelaide Derby oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Atlanta, Georgia, April 26, 2011
April 26, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Doris Derby was born in 1939
or 1940 in the Bronx, New York. She married Bob Banks and attended Hunter
College and the University of Illinois. She worked as an artist, photographer
and educator at Georgia State University. Derby was a civil rights activist and
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) fieldworker in Georgia.
Summary: Doris Derby discusses her childhood in the
Bronx, joining a National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) youth group, and attending Hunter College. She recalls her work in
African art and dance, and traveling to Albany, Georgia, to join the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) with voter registration. She remembers
teaching adult literacy in Mississippi with SNCC, starting the Free Southern
Theater, and working for Head Start.
Moving Images
8 video files of 8 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (111 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0008_mv01-08
1/3
Manuscripts
1 transcript (46 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0008_derby_transcript
Jamila Jones oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Atlanta, Georgia, April 27, 2011
April 27, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Jamila Jones was born in 1944
in Montgomery, Alabama. She worked as singer and artist and wrote one of the
verses of the song,
We Shall Overcome.
Summary: Jamila Jones recalls participating in the
Montgomery Bus Boycott as a child and forming a singing group at age 11, the
Montgomery Gospel Trio, to raise money for the Civil Rights Movement. She
recalls helping the Freedom Riders, visiting the Highlander Folk Center,
writing a new verse of the song
We Shall Overcome,
and founding the Harambee Singers.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (49 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0009_mv01-04
1/4
Manuscripts
1 transcript (23 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0009_jonesjamila_transcript
Simeon Wright oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Chicago, Illinois, May 23, 2011
May
23, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Simeon Wright was born in 1942
in Doddsville, Mississippi. He married Annie Cole in 1971 and attended the
Moody Bible Institute. He worked as a pipefitter, Sunday school teacher, and
deacon. He is the author of
Simeon's Story: An Eyewitness Account of the Kidnapping of Emmett
Till
(Chicago, IL. : Lawrence Hill Books, c2010).
Summary: Simeon Wright discusses his cousin, Emmett
Till, and his attempts to correct the historical record concerning Till's
murder. He recalls Till's visit to his home in Mississippi, going to Bryant's
store, and the night that Till was kidnapped. He remembers the trial, moving to
Chicago, and how the murder and publicity affected his family.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (91 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0010_mv01-04
1/5
Manuscripts
1 transcript (48 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0010_wright_transcript
Wheeler Parker oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Chicago, Illinois, May 23, 2011
May
23, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Wheeler Parker was born in
1939 in Schlater, Mississippi, grew up in Chicago, Illinois, and married Marvel
McCain in 1967. He worked as a barber, photographer, and pastor. At age 16, he
traveled from Chicago to Mississippi with his cousin Emmett Till and witnessed
his kidnapping.
Summary: Wheeler Parker, Jr., discusses his visit to
Mississippi with his cousin, Emmett Till. He recalls the incident at Bryant's
store and the night that Till was kidnapped, and Till's funeral in Chicago. He
remembers how the murder and publicity affected his family, the reopening of
the case in 2004, and efforts to memorialize Till.
Moving Images
6 video files of 6 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (67 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0011_mv01-06
1/6
Manuscripts
1 transcript (39 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0011_parker_transcript
Marilyn Luper Hildreth oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, May 24, 2011
May
24, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Marilyn Hildreth was born in
1947 in Oklahoma. Her mother, Clara Luper, was a teacher and local civil rights
activist. Hildreth participated in many sit-ins and demonstrations with her
mother and brother Calvin in Oklahoma City. She attended Douglass High School
and worked in insurance sales and administration.
Summary: Marilyn Hildreth describes growing up in
segregated Oklahoma and the leadership of her mother, Clara Luper, in the local
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) youth group.
She recalls participating in a drug store sit-in as a child, and the success
the group had with several restaurants in Oklahoma City. She remembers her
mother's leadership in the African American community in Oklahoma, and her
involvement in the 1968 sanitation workers' strike.
Moving Images
3 video files of 3 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (33 min.) : digital, sound, color
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1/7
Manuscripts
1 transcript (16 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0012_hildreth_transcript
Calvin Luper oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, May 24, 2011
May
24, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Calvin Luper was born in 1946
in Oklahoma. His mother, Clara Luper, was a teacher and local civil rights
activist. He participated in many sit-ins and demonstrations with his mother
and sister Marilyn in Oklahoma City. He attended Douglass High School and the
University of Oklahoma and worked as an electrician.
Summary: Calvin Luper remembers his mother, Clara
Luper, and her leadership in Oklahoma City's National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Youth Council. He recalls participating
in sit-ins in drug stores and restaurants, and hosting a radio show with his
mother. He also remembers other leaders in Oklahoma's Civil Rights Movement,
including Dr. Charles N. Atkins, E. Melvin Porter, and Ada Lois Sipuel.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (24 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0013_mv01-04
1/8
Manuscripts
1 transcript (14 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0013_luper_transcript
James Oscar Jones oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Austin, Texas, May 25, 2011
May
25, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: James Oscar Jones was born in
1943 in Willisville, Arkansas, married Mildred Neal in 1963 and had three
children. He attended Pine Bluff A&M College, the University of Arkansas,
and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. He worked at the National
Sharecroppers Fund, the Federation of Southern Cooperatives, Community Resource
Group, and the Texas Department of Agriculture. He was a civil rights activist
in Arkansas and member of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC).
Summary: James Oscar Jones remembers growing up on a
farm in Arkansas, the integration of Central High School in Little Rock, and
attending the Arkansas Agricultural, Mechanical, and Normal College in Pine
Bluff. He discusses his involvement in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC) and meeting activists Bill Hansen and Ben Grinage. He recalls
participating in sit-ins at Woolworth's drug store in Pine Bluff, and helping
African Americans in rural areas become political candidates.
Moving Images
8 video files of 8 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (127 min.) : digital, sound, color
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1/9
Manuscripts
2 transcripts (57 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0014_jonesjames1_transcript
afc2010039_crhp0014_jonesjames2_transcript
Anne Sobol and Richard Barry
Sobol oral history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in New Orleans,
Louisiana, May 26, 2011
May
26, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Anne Sobol was a lawyer and
wife of Richard Sobol.
Biographical History: Richard Sobol was born in 1937
in the Bronx, New York and married Anne Buxton in 1975. He attended Union
College and Columbia University School of Law. He worked as civil rights
attorney in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Washington, D.C.
Summary: Richard Sobol discusses his early career as
a lawyer in Washington, D. C., his involvement with the Lawyers Constitutional
Defense Committee, and his decision to move to New Orleans to become a civil
rights lawyer. He recalls meeting Robert Hicks of Bogalusa, Louisiana, being
personally protected by the Deacons of Defense and Justice, and his involvement
in many job discrimination cases brought against the Crown Zellerbach paper
mill. He also discusses other employment, labor union, and housing
discrimination cases he argued. His wife, Anne, is also briefly
interviewed.
Moving Images
8 video files of 8 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (121 min.) : digital, sound, color
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1/10
Manuscripts
1 transcript (59 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0015_sobol_transcript
Cynthia Baker Anderson and
Fletcher Anderson oral history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in
Bogalusa, Louisiana, May 27,
2011
May
27, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Cynthia Baker Anderson grew up
in Bogalusa, Louisiana. She was married to Fletcher Anderson and had three
children.
Biographical History: Fletcher Anderson was born in
1938 in Bogalusa, Louisiana, married Cynthia Baker and had three children. He
graduated from Central Memorial High School and worked at the Crown Zellerbach
paper mill in many jobs, eventually as an overhead crane operator. He joined
the Deacons of Defense and Justice and the Bogalusa Voters League, and was a
leader of the Civil Rights Movement in Bogalusa.
Summary: Cynthia and Fletcher Anderson remember the
segregation and job discrimination they faced in Bogalusa, Louisiana, and their
decision to join the Civil Rights Movement. Fletcher recalls working many
different jobs at the Crown Zellerbach paper mill, the harassment of the police
and Ku Klux Klan, and joining the Deacons of Defense and Justice. They discuss
their job discrimination lawsuits, their friends involved in the civil rights
movement, and the current state of race relations in Bogalusa.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (82 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0016_mv01-04
1/11
Manuscripts
1 transcript (39 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0016_andersons_transcript
Hicks family oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Bogalusa, Louisiana, May 27, 2011
May
27, 2011
This interview is currently restricted.
Biographical History: Barbara Maria Collins was born
March 3, 1947 to Valeria and Robert Hicks with siblings Valeria Smith and
Arlene Hicks. She attended Dillard University, BA and Tulane University,
MPH.
Biographical History: Carol Cummings Burras was born
March 1, 1945 in Bogalusa, Louisiana, to Robert and Valeria Hicks. Her siblings
were Gregory, Robert Jr., Charles and Barbara. She attended Our Lady of the
Holy Cross, New Orleans, BA; and Southeastern University, MA.
Biographical History: Charles Hicks was born
February 25, 1945 in Bogalusa, Louisiana to Robert and Valeria Hicks with
siblings Charles, Barbara Collins, Robert and Gregory. He attended Syracuse
University, BA, MA and University of Maryland, MLS.
Biographical History: Darryl Hicks was born in
Bogalusa, Louisiana to Robert L. Hicks, Jr. He was the grandson of civil rights
activists Robert and Valeria Hicks. He attended Southern University.
Biographical History: Gregory Hicks was born June 1,
1950 in Bogalusa, Louisiana to Robert and Valeria Hicks with siblings Charles,
Robert Jr., and Barbara Collins. He attended Southeast University,
Lafayette.
Biographical History: Robert Hicks was born November
15, 1948 in Bogalusa, Louisiana to Valeria and Robert Hicks. He attended
Grambling State University.
Biographical History: Valeria Payton Hicks was born
in Bogalusa, Louisiana. She married Robert Hicks and had four children,
Charles, Robert Lawrence, Gregory and Barbara Hicks Collins. She attended
Picayune Community College for a Nursing degree and worked as a restaurant
cook, domestic worker, and nurse.
Summary: The Hicks family remembers their childhood
in segregated Bogalusa, Louisiana, and their father, Robert Hicks, a local
civil rights leader. They recall leading a children's civil rights march in
Bogalusa to protest discrimination at Woolworth's, hosting two white civil
rights workers, Bill Yates and Steve Miller, and being protected by the Deacons
of Defense and Justice.
Moving Images
9 video files of 9 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (154 min.) : digital, sound, color
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1/12
Manuscripts
2 transcripts (71 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0017_hicks1_transcript
afc2010039_crhp0017_hicks2_transcript
Geraldine Crawford Bennett,
Toni Breaux, and Willie Elliot Jenkins oral history interview conducted by
Joseph Mosnier in Bogalusa, Louisiana, May 28, 2011
May
28, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Geraldine Bennett Crawford
lived in Bogalusa, Louisiana, and worked as a maid and a nurse. She was the
sister of civil rights activist Gayle Jenkins.
Biographical History: Toni Breaux was born April 10
1947 in Bogalusa, Louisiana, to Gayle E. Expose, who later married Monroe
Jenkins. Her siblings were Don Duan Expose and Willie "Chuck" Jenkins and she
is the niece of Geraldine Bennett. She married Michael Harry Melton, Sr. in
1971 and Roger Breaux II in 1990 and had 3 sons. She attended Dillard
University, BA; Southeastern Louisiana University, M.Ed. and worked as a
teacher.
Biographical History: Willie Elliot Jenkins was born
December 7, 1952 to Gayle E. and Monroe Jenkins with siblings Willie "Toni"
Expose and Don Duan Expose. He was the nephew of Geraldine Bennett. He
participated in the Civil Rights Movement in Bogalusa, Louisiana, and
integrated the public schools.
Summary: Geraldine Crawford Bennett, Toni Breaux,
and Willie Elliot Jenkins remember their mother and sister Gayle Jenkins, a
leader of the civil rights movement in Bogalusa, Louisiana. They discuss their
family history, how the family became involved in the movement, and Willie
Jenkins' court case to integrate the public schools. They recall being
protected by the Deacons of Defense and Justice, marching in local rallies, and
memories of their late brother Don, who was also involved in the movement.
Moving Images
8 video files of 8 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (82 min.) : digital, sound, color
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1/13
Manuscripts
1 transcript (57 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0018_jenkins_transcript
Annie Pearl Avery oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Selma, Alabama, May 31, 2011
May
31, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Annie Pearl Avery was born in
1943 in Birmingham, Alabama and grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She
married Harrison Avery, had two children, and worked as a dishwasher in the
1960s. Avery was a civil rights activist and member of the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Summary: Annie Pearl Avery remembers her childhood
in Birmingham, Alabama, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and joining the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) at age sixteen. She recalls attending
a SNCC meeting in Atlanta and being stranded and threatened in Marietta,
Georgia, on the way home. She discusses her involvement in the Albany Movement,
her many arrests for protesting, marching with William Moore, and participating
in voter registration drives in many locations across the South.
Moving Images
7 video files of 7 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (91 min.) : digital, sound, color
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2/1
Manuscripts
1 transcript (45 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0019_avery_transcript
Gwendolyn M. Patton oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Montgomery, Alabama, June 1, 2011
June
1, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Gwendolyn Patton was born 1943
in Detroit, Michigan. She attended Tuskegee University, Antioch College, Union
Graduate School, and Interdenominational Institute of Theology. Patton was a
civil rights activist and archivist.
Summary: Gwendolyn Patton discusses attending the
Tuskegee Institute, where she became involved in many civil rights
organizations and was elected student body president. She recalls hosting the
Freedom Riders in 1961, and spending a year in a segregated sanitarium when she
had tuberculosis. She recounts organizing Tuskegee students for the Selma to
Montgomery March, occupying the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, and registering
voters in Lowndes County.
Moving Images
8 video files of 8 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (111 min.) : digital, sound, color
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2/2
Manuscripts
1 transcript (50 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0020_patton_transcript
Charles F. McDew oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Albany, Georgia, June 4, 2011
June
4, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Charles McDew was born in 1938
in Massillon, Ohio. He attended Roosevelt University and South Carolina State
University, and worked as a community organizer and educator at Metropolitan
State University in Minnesota.
Summary: Charles McDew recalls growing up in
Massillon, Ohio, his family's involvement in the steel mill unions and
attending South Carolina State University. He remembers being arrested three
times in two days for not obeying segregation laws in South Carolina, founding
the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and registering voters in
Mississippi.
Moving Images
5 video files of 5 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (82 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0021_mv01-05
2/3
Manuscripts
1 transcript (27 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0021_mcdew_transcript
Charles Melvin Sherrod oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Albany, Georgia, June 4, 2011
June
4, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Charles Sherrod was born in
1937 in Surry, Virginia, married Shirley Miller Sherrod in 1966 and had two
children. He attended Virginia Union University and Union Theological Seminary,
and worked as a community organizer and chaplain.
Summary: Charles Sherrod recalls how he became
involved in the Albany Movement in Georgia, recruited local residents, and led
marches and protests against segregation.
Moving Images
2 video files of 2 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (20 min.) : digital, sound, color
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2/4
Manuscripts
1 transcript (8 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0022_sherrodcharles_transcript
Joseph Echols Lowery oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Atlanta, Georgia, June 6, 2011
June
6, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Joseph Lowery was born in 1921
in Huntsville, Alabama, married Evelyn Gibson in 1950, and had three children.
He attended Paine College, Paine Theological Seminary, and Chicago Ecumenical
Seminary. He worked as pastor and civil rights activist in Mobile, Alabama, and
was a co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).
Summary: Joseph Lowery recalls his position as
pastor at the Warren Street Church in Mobile, Alabama, in the 1950s. He
remembers joining the National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP), the differences in race relations between Mobile and other
southern cities, and helping to found the Southern Christian Leadership
Conference (SCLC). He reflects on the effectiveness of nonviolence, the libel
suit against him, sit-ins across the country, and the Selma to Montgomery
March.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (63 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0023_mv01-04
2/5
Manuscripts
1 transcript (26 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0023_lowery_transcript
Matthew J. Perry oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Columbia, South Carolina, June 7, 2011
June
7, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Matthew J. Perry was born in
1921 in Columbia, South Carolina, married Hallie Bacote, and had one son. He
attended South Carolina State College and South Carolina State College of Law,
and worked as a civil rights attorney and judge in South Carolina. Perry died
in 2011.
Summary: Judge Matthew J. Perry recalls serving in
the military during World War II, and experiencing discrimination during the
war. He remembers watching a trial that inspired him to go to the newly formed
law school at South Carolina State College. He discusses his start as a trial
lawyer in Spartanburg, South Carolina, the famous civil rights cases he argued,
joining the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, and his admiration for the African
American lawyers who mentored him.
Moving Images
3 video files of 3 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (55 min.) : digital, sound, color
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2/6
Manuscripts
1 transcript (23 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0024_perry_transcript
Ernest Adolphus Finney oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Columbia, South Carolina,
June 8, 2011
June
8, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Ernest Finney was born in 1931
in Smithfield, Virginia, married Frances Davenport, and had three children. He
attended Claflin College and South Carolina State University School of Law. He
worked as a civil rights lawyer, judge and interim president of South Carolina
State University.
Summary: Ernest Finney recalls his father's teaching
career and attending law school at South Carolina State College. He remembers
defending the "Friendship Nine," a group of college students who protested
segregation in Rock Hill, South Carolina. He discusses joining the South
Carolina Human Rights Commission, serving as a state representative, and his
election to the State Supreme Court.
Moving Images
6 video files of 6 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (55 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0025_mv01-06
2/7
Manuscripts
1 transcript (27 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0025_finney_transcript
Cecil J. Williams oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Orangeburg, South Carolina, June 9, 2011
June
9, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Cecil J. Williams was born in
1937 in Orangeburg, South Carolina, and married Constance Goode in 1959. He
attended South Carolina State College and Claflin College, and worked as a
photographer.
Summary: Cecil J. Williams remembers his childhood
in Orangeburg, South Carolina, and starting his career as a photographer for
several African American publications in his teens. He remembers photographing
President Kennedy, Thurgood Marshall, and other civil rights leaders. He also
discusses the Briggs v. Elliot school desegregation case, and his photographs
of the Orangeburg Massacre.
Moving Images
5 video files of 5 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (117 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0026_mv01-05
2/8
Manuscripts
1 transcript (58 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0026_williamsc_transcript
William Saunders oral history
interview conducted by Kieran Walsh Taylor in Charleston, South Carolina, June 9, 2011
June
9, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: William Saunders was born 1935
in New York, New York, married Henrietta Jenkins, and had 10 children. He
attended Southern Business College, Southern Illinois University Vocational
Education, and the University of Nevada. He worked as a politician and CEO of
Committee on Better Racial Assurance Human Services Agency.
Summary: William Saunders remembers his childhood on
Johns Island, South Carolina, and working with Esau Jenkins, a local civil
rights leader. He recalls serving in the army during the Korean War, attending
the Highlander Folk School, and working at a mattress factory. He also
discusses founding the
Lowcountry Newsletter
, helping the workers in the Charleston Hospital Strike of 1969, and
running unsuccessfully for the state senate.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (84 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0027_mv01-04
2/9
Manuscripts
1 transcript (49 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0027_saunders_transcript
Esther M. A. Terry oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Greensboro, North Carolina, July 6, 2011
July
6, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Esther M. A. Terry was born in
1939 in Wise, North Carolina, as one of twelve siblings. She attended Bennett
College, the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, and the University of
Massachusetts Amherst. She worked as professor and academic administrator.
Summary: Esther M. A. Terry remembers growing up in
Wise, North Carolina, and attending Bennett College. She recalls planning the
Greensboro Woolworth's sit-in with students from the Agricultural and Technical
College of North Carolina (later North Carolina A&T University), being
arrested for her participation, and the support of the Bennett College
President, Dr. Willa Player. She also discusses attending the University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill for her master's degree, and founding the African
American Studies program at the University of Massachusetts (Amherst campus),
where she earned her PhD and taught for many years.
Moving Images
6 video files of 6 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (92 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0028_mv01-06
2/10
Manuscripts
1 transcript (37 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0028_terry_transcript
Evans Derrell Hopkins oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Richmond, Virginia, July 7, 2011
July
7, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Evans Hopkins was born in 1954
in Danville, Virginia, married Ruth Hopkins, and had one son. He attended R.J.
Reynolds High School and Winston-Salem State University. He joined the Black
Panther Party and worked as a writer. Hopkins is the author of the book,
Life After Life: A Story of Rage and Redemption
.
Summary: Evans Hopkins recalls growing up in
Danville, Virginia, and participating in efforts to desegregate public schools
and the library. He remembers joining the Black Panther Party in Winston-Salem,
North Carolina, and Oakland, California, and working on Bobby Seale's campaign
for Mayor of Oakland. He also discusses his imprisonment for car theft and the
high rate of incarceration among African American men.
Moving Images
9 video files of 9 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (118 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0029_mv01-09
2/11
Manuscripts
1 transcript (45 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0029_hopkins_transcript
Courtland Cox oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Washington, D.C., July 8, 2011
July
8, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Courtland Cox was born in 1941
in Harlem, New York. He attended Howard University and worked in government and
business in Washington, D. C. Cox was a civil rights activist and a founder of
the group that became the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Summary: Courtland Cox recalls growing up in
Trinidad and New York City, and attending Howard University. He remembers
organizing student protests in Washington, D. C., with the Nonviolent Action
Group, which later merged with other groups to become the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC). He also discusses the March on Washington, the
Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City, changes in SNCC, and attending
the Sixth Pan-African Congress.
Moving Images
9 video files of 9 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (104 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0030_mv01-09
2/12
Manuscripts
1 transcript (46 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0030_cox_transcript
Simeon Booker and Moses James
Newson oral history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Washington, D.C.,
July 13, 2011
July
13, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Simeon Booker was born in 1918
in Baltimore, Maryland. He attended Virginia Union University and became a the
first African American journalist at the
Washington Post
. He covered the trial of Emmett Till's murder and the civil rights
movement for
Jet
and
Ebony
.
Biographical History: Moses J. Newson was born in
1927 in Fruitland Park, Florida, married Lucille Wallace in 1948, and had four
children. He attended Storer College and Lincoln University, and worked as a
journalist covering the civil rights movement for the
Memphis Tri-State Defender
and the
Baltimore Afro-American
.
Summary: Simeon Booker and Moses Newson recall their
early careers in journalism at several African American newspapers. Newson
remembers covering school desegregation cases in Clinton, Tennessee and Hoxie,
Arkansas, for the
Memphis Tri-State Defender
. Booker discusses covering the Emmett Till murder and the integration
of Little Rock High School for
Jet
. They both remember covering the Freedom Rides and the March on
Washington.
Moving Images
7 video files of 7 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (92 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0031_mv01-07
2/13
Manuscripts
1 transcript (38 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0031_bookerandnewson_transcript
Freeman A. Hrabowski oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Baltimore, Maryland, August 14, 2011
August 14, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Freeman Hrabowski was born in
1950 in Birmingham, Alabama, married Jacqueline Coleman, and had one son. He
attended Hampton Institute and the University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, and
was the president of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. He
participated in the 1963 Children's Crusade in Birmingham.
Summary: Freeman A. Hrabowski recalls growing up in
Birmingham, Alabama, and attending the Sixth Avenue Baptist Church. He
remembers being arrested for marching in the Birmingham Children's Crusade in
1963, and remembers the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church. He also
discusses attending Hampton University and later starting the Meyerhoff
Scholars Program for African American men studying math and science.
Moving Images
6 video files of 6 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (78 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0032_mv01-06
2/14
Manuscripts
1 transcript (45 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0032_hrabowski_transcript
John Elliott Churchville oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
July 15, 2011
July
15, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: John Churchville was born in
1941 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He attended Antioch University, Rutgers
School of Law, and Canterbury University, and worked as lawyer, businessperson,
educator and community organizer. He was a civil rights activist and member of
the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Summary: John Churchville recalls growing up in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, his mother's career as a music teacher, moving to
New York, and converting to Islam. He remembers joining the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC), registering voters in Americus, Georgia, and in
Mississippi. He discusses moving back to Philadelphia, converting to
Christianity, and founding the Freedom Library and Black People's Unity
Movement.
Moving Images
7 video files of 7 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (153 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0033_mv01-07
3/1
Manuscripts
1 transcript (73 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0033_churchville_transcript
Jack Greenberg oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in New York, New York, July 18, 2011
July
18, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Jack Greenberg was born in
1924 in Brooklyn, New York. He attended Columbia University and worked as a
staff attorney and Director-Counsel for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational
Fund and as a law professor. He is the author of
Crusaders in the Courts: How a Dedicated Band of Lawyers Fought for
the Civil Rights Revolution
(2004).
Summary: Jack Greenberg remembers attending Columbia
University Law School, working for the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund,
and arguing the Brown v. Board of Education case. He discusses working on many
other civil rights cases, such as Coke v. City of Atlanta, Swann v.
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, and Griggs v. Duke Power.
Moving Images
9 video files of 9 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (47 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0034_mv01-09
3/2
Manuscripts
1 transcript (22 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0034_greenberg_transcript
Gloria Hayes Richardson oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in New York, New York, July 19, 2011
July
19, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Gloria Hayes Richardson was
born in 1922 in Baltimore, Maryland, married Henry Richardson in 1945 and Frank
Dandridge in 1964, and had two children. She attended Howard University and
worked as a city contract manager and program officer. She was a civil rights
activist in Cambridge, Maryland, and a member of the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Summary: Gloria Richardson recalls growing up in
Cambridge, Maryland, attending Howard University, and joining Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) with her daughter, Donna, after
returning to Cambridge and running her father's drug store. She recalls
traveling to the South with her family to assist SNCC with voter registration,
organizing the Cambridge Nonviolent Action Committee, assisting E. Franklin
Frazier with research on African Americans, and marching in a protest where the
police used cyanogen gas. She also discusses attending the March on Washington,
her involvement with the Nation of Islam, and meeting Malcolm X.
Moving Images
5 video files of 5 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (92 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0035_mv01-05
3/3
Manuscripts
1 transcript (49 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0035_richardson_transcript
Alfred Moldovan oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in New York, New York, July 19, 2011
July
19, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Alfred Moldovan was born in
1921 the Bronx, New York, married Jean Moldovan, and had two children. He
attended City College and Chicago Medical School and worked as a doctor and
member of the Medical Committee for Human Rights.
Summary: Alfred Moldovan remembers growing up in the
Bronx and the influence of his parents, who were Jewish Hungarian immigrants.
He recalls serving in the air force as a radio repairman during World War II
and later attending medical school. He discusses founding the Medical Committee
for Human Rights and traveling to the South to assist injured civil rights
activists at events such as the Selma to Montgomery March.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (59 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0036_mv01-04
3/4
Manuscripts
1 transcript (31 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0036_moldovan_transcript
Junius W. Williams oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Newark, New Jersey, July 20, 2011
July
20, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Junius Williams was born in
1943 in Suffolk, Virginia, married Antoinette Ellis, and had four children. He
attended Amherst College and Yale University, and worked as an attorney,
musician, and educator. He was a civil rights activist and member of the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Summary: Junius Williams recalls growing up in
Richmond, Virginia, attending Amherst College, and joining the student group
Students for Racial Equality. He remembers attending the March on Washington,
organizing a civil rights conference at Mount Holyoke, and joining the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). He also discusses traveling with
other students to the Selma to Montgomery March, being arrested at the march
with Worth Long, working as a community organizer with the Newark Community
Union Project, and witnessing the riots in Newark, New Jersey, in 1967.
Moving Images
9 video files of 9 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (174 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0037_mv01-09
3/5
Manuscripts
1 transcript (87 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0037_williamsj_transcript
Emmett W. Bassett and Priscilla
Tietjen Bassett oral history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in
Grahamsville, New York, July
21, 2011
July
21, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Emmett W. Bassett was born in
1921 in Henry County, Virginia, attended Tuskegee Institute, University of
Massachusetts, and Ohio State University, and worked as a microbiologist.
Priscilla Tietjen Bassett was born in 1928 in Plainfield, New Jersey, attended
Smith College and Queens College and worked as a librarian. The Bassetts
married in 1950, had three children, and were civil rights activists in New
York.
Biographical History: Priscilla Tietjen Bassett was
born on May 25, 1928 in Plainfield, New Jersey. She married Emmett Bassett in
1950 and had three children, Mitzi, Jonathan and Lydia. She attended Smith
College, AB; Queens College, New York, MLS and worked as a librarian.
Summary: Priscilla Tietjen Bassett recalls growing
up in Plainfield, New Jersey, and attending Smith College, and Emmett W.
Bassett remembers growing up in Henry County, Virginia, serving in World War
II, and attending Tuskegee Institute, where he assisted George Washington
Carver with research. They tell how they met at a protest of a segregated
restaurant in Massachusetts, raising money for Emmett Till's mother, their
involvement in many civil rights groups in New York, and attending the March on
Washington. They also discuss Emmett's career as a professor of dairy science,
Priscilla's career as a librarian, and their struggles as an interracial
married couple.
Moving Images
10 video files of 10 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (131 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0038_mv01-10
3/6
Manuscripts
1 transcript (71 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0038_bassett_transcript
Pete Seeger oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Beacon, New York, July 22, 2011
July
22, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Pete Seeger was born in 1919
in New York, New York, married Toshi-Aline Ota in 1943, and had three children.
He attended Harvard University and was a folk singer and civil rights
activist.
Summary: Pete Seeger recalls performing at a concert
with Paul Robeson in 1949 in Peekskill, New York, visiting the Highlander Folk
School, and the evolution of the song
We Shall Overcome.
He remembers performing at many civil rights events, including the
Selma to Montgomery March. He also discusses his thoughts on Presidents Barack
Obama and Rutherford B. Hayes.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (57 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0039_mv01-04
3/7
Manuscripts
1 transcript (25 pages) including draft
corrections
afc2010039_crhp0039_seeger_transcript
Dorothy Foreman Cotton oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Ithaca, New York, July 25, 2011
July
25, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Dorothy Cotton was born in
1930 in Goldsboro, North Carolina and married George Junius Cotton in 1955. She
attended Shaw University, Virginia State College, and Boston University. She
worked as a civil rights worker, leader, and educator.
Summary: Dorothy Foreman Cotton discusses growing up
in rural North Carolina, attending Shaw University and Virginia State College,
working as a housekeeper for the president of these colleges, Dr. Robert
Prentiss Daniel, and meeting her husband, George Cotton. She discusses
attending the Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia, working with
pastor Wyatt T. Walker on organizing civil rights protests and meetings, and
meeting Martin Luther King, Jr. She moved to Atlanta to assist Walker in his
work with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, where she became
Director of Education for the organization. At the Highlander Folk School, she
met Septima Clark and Esau Jenkins and led the Citizenship Education Program.
She also discusses the impact of King's assassination on the movement and the
philosophy of nonviolence.
Moving Images
8 video files of 8 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (133 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0040_mv01-08
3/8
Manuscripts
1 transcript (66 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0040_cotton_transcript
William G. Anderson oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Detroit, Michigan, July 26, 2011
July
26, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: William G. Anderson was born
in 1927 in Americus, Georgia, married Norma Lee Dixon, and had five children.
He attended Fort Valley State College, Atlanta College of Mortuary Science, and
Des Moines Still College of Osteopathy, and worked as an osteopath. He was also
a civil rights activist in Albany, Georgia.
Summary: William Anderson recalls growing up in
Americus, Georgia, serving in the navy during World War II, and his friendships
with Martin Luther King, Jr., and Ralph Abernathy. He remembers opening his
osteopath practice in Albany, Georgia, becoming a leader of the Albany
Movement, and supporting protesters from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC). He discusses his several arrests with King and Abernathy,
appearing on Meet the Press, the closing of all public facilities in Albany,
and his later friendship with Sheriff Laurie Pritchett.
Moving Images
6 video files of 6 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (153 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0041_mv01-06
3/9
Manuscripts
1 transcript (56 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0041_andersonw_transcript
Phil Hutchings oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Oakland, California, September 1, 2011
September 1, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Phil Hutchings was born in
1942 in Cleveland, Ohio. He attended Howard University and worked in education
and non-profit management. He was a civil rights activist and member of the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in Newark, New Jersey.
Summary: Phil Hutchings recalls growing up in
Cleveland, Ohio, his parents' involvement in many civic organizations, and
attending Howard University. He remembers joining the Nonviolent Action Group
(a precursor to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)),
protesting at the White Rice Inn in Maryland, and working with the Mississippi
Freedom Democratic Party. He discusses moving to Newark, New Jersey, to work
for SNCC, Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), and the Newark Community
Union Project. He also recalls organizing District of Columbia residents for
the March on Washington and witnessing the Newark riots in 1967.
Moving Images
9 video files of 9 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (164 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0042_mv01-09
3/10
Manuscripts
1 transcript (90 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0042_hutchings_transcript
Thomas Walter Gaither oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
September 12, 2011
September 12, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Thomas Gaither was born in
1938 in Great Falls, South Carolina, married Diane Jenner in 1968 and had two
children. He attended Claflin University, Atlanta University, and the
University of Iowa. He worked as a construction laborer, civil rights activist,
forester, and biology professor at Slippery Rock University.
Summary: Thomas Gaither recalls growing up in Great
Falls, South Carolina, attending Claflin College, and leading the college's
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter. He
remembers the student sit-ins in Orangeburg, South Carolina, joining the
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and being arrested for protesting in
Hollywood, Florida. He discusses organizing the Freedom Rides, his belief in
nonviolence, and earning his PhD in biology at the University of Iowa.
Moving Images
9 video files of 9 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (131 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0043_mv01-09
3/11
Manuscripts
1 transcript (63 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0043_gaither_transcript
Audrey Nell Hamilton and JoeAnn
Anderson Ulmer oral history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Saint
Augustine, Florida, September
13, 2011
September 13, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Audrey Hamilton grew up in
Saint Augustine, Florida, and participated in the Civil Rights Movement.
Biographical History: JoeAnn Ulmer grew up in Saint
Augustine, Florida, and participated in the Civil Rights Movement.
Summary: Audrey Hamilton and JoeAnn Ulmer recall
growing up in St. Augustine, Florida, and participating in sit-ins led by Dr.
Robert Hayling at Woolworth's drug store as teenagers. They recall serving a
sentence in jail, attending reform school, and meeting Martin Luther King, Jr.,
and Jackie Robinson.
Moving Images
2 video files of 2 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (66 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0044_mv01-02
3/12
Manuscripts
1 transcript (36 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0044_hamiltonandulmer_transcript
Purcell Maurice Conway oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Saint Augustine, Florida,
September 13, 2011
September 13, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Purcell Conway was born in
1948 in Saint Augustine, Florida. He participated in the Civil Rights Movement
in Saint Augustine and worked as a police officer in New York.
Summary: Purcell Conway recalls growing up in St.
Augustine, Florida, and working many odd jobs. He recalls facing
discrimination, participating in demonstrations, and witnessing a riot when
attempting to integrate the beach. He also discusses moving to New York City,
his career as a police officer, and successfully suing the city for
discrimination in promotions.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (77 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0045_mv01-04
4/1
Manuscripts
1 transcript (39 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0045_conway_transcript
Barbara Edna Vickers oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Saint Augustine, Florida,
September 13, 2011
September 13, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Barbara Vickers was born in
1923 in Saint Augustine, Florida, and attended Excelsior High School. She was a
beautician and civil rights activist in Saint Augustine.
Summary: Barbara Vickers recalls growing up in St.
Augustine, Florida, working in a shipyard in New York during World War II, and
returning to St. Augustine with her husband. She remembers working as a
beautician, working with her neighbor, Dr. Robert Hayling, to organize civil
rights protests and participating in kneel-ins in segregated churches. She also
discusses raising money to build a monument to the foot soldiers of the Civil
Rights Movement in St. Augustine.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (59 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0046_mv01-04
4/2
Manuscripts
1 transcript (31 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0046_vickers_transcript
Gwendolyn Annette Duncan oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Saint Augustine, Florida,
September 14, 2011
September 14, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Gwendolyn Duncan was born in
1956 in Saint Augustine, Florida, married Richard Allen Duncan in 1976, and had
five children. She attended St. John's River College and worked as an educator
and in non-profit management. Duncan is President of 40th ACCORD (formally the
40th Anniversary to Commemorate the Civil Rights Demonstrations, Inc.), a
non-profit established 2003 to promote awareness of local civil rights movement
history.
Summary: Gwendolyn Duncan recalls her family history
in Saint Augustine, Florida, watching a Ku Klux Klan parade through the black
neighborhood of Lincolnville, and integrating a white school. She discusses the
efforts in St. Augustine to commemorate the local Civil Rights Movement,
including the ACCORD Freedom Trail.
Moving Images
2 video files of 2 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (34 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0047_mv01-02
4/3
Manuscripts
1 transcript (18 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0047_duncan_transcript
Robert Bagner Hayling oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Saint Augustine, Florida,
September 14, 2011
September 14, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Robert Hayling was born in
1929 in Tallahassee, Florida, married Athea Hayling, and had three children. He
attended Florida A&M College and Meharry Medical College and worked as a
dentist. He was the principal leader of the Saint Augustine movement in the
early 1960s.
Summary: Robert Hayling recalls serving in the air
force during World War II, attending the Meharry Dental School, and
participating in civil rights protests in Nashville, Tennessee. He remembers
starting his dental practice in St. Augustine, Florida, leading the local
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) youth group,
and the exclusion of African Americans from St. Augustine's 400th anniversary
celebration, and being attacked by the Ku Klux Klan. He also discusses
resigning from the NAACP, the support of the Southern Christian Leadership
Conference (SCLC) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) for
local protests, and his move to Cocoa, Florida.
Moving Images
6 video files of 6 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (115 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0048_mv01-06
4/4
Manuscripts
1 transcript (45 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0048_hayling_transcript
Gwendolyn Zoharah Simmons oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Gainesville, Florida, September 14, 2011
September 14, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Gwendolyn Simmons was born in
1944 in Memphis, Tennessee, and had one daughter. She attended Spelman College,
Antioch University, and Temple University. She worked as a professor of
religion at the University of Florida. She was a civil rights activist and
member of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Summary: Gwendolyn Simmons recalls joining the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) while a student at Spelman
College. She remembers directing SNCC's voter registration and Freedom School,
called the Freedom Summer Project in Laurel, Mississippi. She discusses
learning about Black Nationalism in New York, the decision in SNCC to expel
white members, and her work with the American Friends Service Committee's
Program on Government Surveillance and Citizens' Rights to interview members of
organizations investigated by the FBI's Counterintelligence Program
(COINTELPRO).
Moving Images
5 video files of 5 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (97 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0049_mv01-05
4/5
Manuscripts
1 transcript (43 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0049_simmons_transcript
Shirley Miller Sherrod oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Albany, Georgia, September 15, 2011
September 15, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Shirley Sherrod was born in
1948 in Baker County, Georgia and married Charles Sherrod in 1966. She attended
Fort Valley State College and Albany State University, worked as a community
organizer in rural farming and land issues, and was head of Federation of
Southern Cooperatives.
Summary: Shirley Sherrod recalls growing up on a
farm in Baker County, Georgia, her father's murder, and joining the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). She remembers traveling to
Washington, D. C., to protest the Justice Department, and the attacks on her
husband, Reverend Charles Sherrod, a civil rights leader in Albany, Georgia.
She also discusses starting the New Communities Land Trust and working for the
Federation of Southern Cooperatives and other organizations to help African
American farmers.
Moving Images
12 video files of 12 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (104 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0050_mv01-12
4/6
Manuscripts
1 transcript (49 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0050_sherrodshirley_transcript
Kathleen Cleaver oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Atlanta, Georgia, September 16, 2011
September 16, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Kathleen Cleaver was born in
1945 in Dallas, Texas, married Eldridge Cleaver, and had two children. She
attended Oberlin College, Barnard College, and Yale University, and worked as a
political activist, attorney, and professor. She is noted for her involvement
with the Black Panther Party with Eldridge Cleaver.
Summary: Kathleen Cleaver recalls growing up in
Tuskegee, Alabama, India and the Philippines while her father worked for the
foreign service. She remembers dropping out of college to work for the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) as a secretary, and witnessing the
dissolution of that organization. She discusses meeting her husband, Eldridge
Cleaver, joining the Black Panther Party, and organizing against police
brutality.
Moving Images
10 video files of 10 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (123 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0051_mv01-10
4/7
Manuscripts
1 transcript (57 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0051_cleaver_transcript
Candie Carawan and Guy Hughes
Carawan oral history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in New Market,
Tennessee, September 19,
2011
September 19, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Candie Carawan was born in
1939 in Los Angeles, California, married Guy Carawan in 1961 and had two
children. She attended Pomona College and worked at the Highlander Folk Center
as a cultural educator, singer, artist and potter.
Biographical History: Guy Carawan was born in 1927
in Los Angeles, California, married Noel Oliver in 1954 (d. 1958) and Candie
Anderson in 1961 and had two children. He attended Occidental College, UCLA, MA
and worked at the Highlander Folk Center as music director, collector and
performing musician.
Summary: Candie Carawan recalls attending Fisk
University as an exchange student and meeting civil rights activists in
Nashville, Tennessee. She discusses meeting Guy Carawan at the Highlander Folk
School, the importance of music to the civil rights movement, and Guy's work to
record singers involved with the movement. The two perform several songs,
including
Tree of Life,
Eyes on the Prize,
and
We Shall Overcome.
Moving Images
5 video files of 5 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (54 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0052_mv01-05
4/8
Manuscripts
1 transcript (29 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0052_carawan_transcript
David Mercer Ackerman and
Satoko Ito Ackerman oral history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in
Washington, D.C., September 20,
2011
September 20, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: David M. Ackerman was born in
1942 in Savanna, Illinois, married Satoko Ito in 1967 and had one child. He
attended Knox College, the Chicago Theological Seminary and Georgetown Law
Center, and worked as an attorney.
Biographical History: Satoko Ito Ackerman was born
December 16, 1939 in Osaka, Japan to Masaru and Hiroko Ito. Her siblings were
Seiji and Yoshiko. She married David Ackerman in 1967 and had one child,
Julienna. She attended Yankton College, BA and Chicago Theological, MA and
worked in child care and public policy.
Summary: David and Satoko Ackerman recall meeting at
the Chicago Theological Seminary and remember their classmate Jesse Jackson
urging students to attend the Selma to Montgomery March. They recall traveling
to Selma, participating in the march, and their later life in Silver Spring,
Maryland.
Moving Images
6 video files of 6 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (62 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0053_mv01-06
4/9
Manuscripts
1 transcript (30 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0053_ackermans_transcript
Dorie Ann Ladner and Joyce
Ladner oral history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Washington, D.C.,
September 20, 2011
September 20, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Dorie Ladner was born in 1942
in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. She attended Jackson State College, Tougaloo
College and Howard University and worked as a social worker.
Biographical History: Joyce Ladner was born in 1943
in Battles, Mississippi, married Walter Carrington and attended Jackson State
College; Tougaloo College, BA; Washington University-St. Louis, MA, PhD; and
worked as a professor.
Summary: Doris and Joyce Ladner discuss organizing
for the March on Washington with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC). Dorie Ladner recalls her work with SNCC in Natchez, Mississippi, and
the murder and trial of Medgar Evers. They both remember growing up in Palmers
Crossing, Mississippi, their family history, joining the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) youth chapter led by Clyde
Kennard, and the impact that Emmett Till's murder had on their generation.
Doris also recalls attending Tougaloo College, staying at the Freedom House in
Jackson, Mississippi, and organizing the Mississippi Freedom Democratic
Party.
Moving Images
7 video files of 7 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (121 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0054_mv01-07
4/10
Manuscripts
1 transcript (73 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0054_ladners_transcript
William Lamar Strickland oral
history interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Amherst, Massachusetts, September 23, 2011
September 23, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: William Strickland was born in
1937 in Boston, Massachusetts. He attended Harvard University and worked as a
professor of political science and Afro-American Studies at the University of
Massachusetts Amherst.
Summary: William Strickland recalls growing up in
Boston, Massachusetts, attending Boston Latin High School and Harvard
University, and serving as a Marine. He remembers his friendship with Malcolm
X, joining the Northern Student Movement, and his work with Vincent Harding and
the Institute of the Black World. He also discusses the current research on
Malcolm X and his opinions on politics.
Moving Images
12 video files of 12 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (130 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0055_mv01-12
4/11
Manuscripts
1 transcript (56 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0055_strickland_transcript
Carrie Lamar Young oral history
interview conducted by Joseph Mosnier in Little Rock, Arkansas, September 26, 2011
September 26, 2011
Digital content available
Biographical History: Carrie Young was born in 1948
in Barton, Arkansas, married Howard L. Himmelbaum in 1967 and later Carl E.
Young, and had one child. She attended the Opportunity Industrialization Center
and the University of Arkansas-Little Rock, and worked as a keypunch operator,
accounting clerk, publication printing, and in data entry and administrative
work.
Summary: Carrie Young recalls growing up in on a
farm, moving to West Helena, Arkansas, with her family, and meeting civil
rights organizers from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC),
including Myrtle Glascoe, Bill Hansen, and Howard Himmelbaum. She remembers
registering voters, gathering signatures to overturn a poll tax, and protesting
at the Arkansas state capitol. She discusses her marriage to Howard Himmelbaum,
suing her employer for discrimination, and working with the group Black United
Youth in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Moving Images
9 video files of 9 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (125 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0056_mv01-09
4/12
Manuscripts
1 transcript (65 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0056_young_transcript
Elmer Dixon oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Seattle, Washington, February 28, 2013
February 28, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Elmer Dixon was the co-chair
of the Seattle, Washington, chapter of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC) and also established the Seattle chapter of the Black Panther
Party with his brother, Aaron Dixon. He later worked in the field of diversity
and cross-cultural communication.
Summary: Elmer Dixon discusses his childhood in
Chicago, Illinois and Seattle, Washington, where he marched with Martin Luther
King, Jr., and heard Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) leader
Stokely Carmichael speak. At 17 he met Black Panthers Bobby Seale and Huey
Newton in Oakland and established, with his brother Aaron Dixon as Defense
Captain, the Seattle chapter of the Black Panther Party. Dixon discusses his
work with the Panthers, the survival of several of the programs he started,
including a health clinic, his work after the Panther chapter closed down in
1978, and his current position as director of an executive consulting firm
specializing in diversity issues.
Moving Images
11 video files of 11 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (152 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0057_mv01-11
Manuscripts
1 transcript (66 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0057_Dixon_transcript
Steven McNichols oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Burlingame, California, March 1, 2013
March 1, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Steven McNichols was a freedom
rider with the Congress of Racial Equality and civil rights director of the
National Student Association. He attended the University of California, Los
Angeles and the University of Texas at Austin. He was elected Civil Rights
Director of the National Student Association, supported the Mississippi Freedom
Democratic Party, and assisted the Delta Ministry and Department of Agriculture
with distributing surplus food to poor African Americans in Mississippi. He
later worked for Mayor Tom Bradley of Los Angeles and pursued a law degree and
career as an employment discrimination attorney.
Summary: Steven McNichols discussed his childhood in
New York City, his mother's illnesses and attending the University of
California, Los Angeles in 1958. He became involved in politics through the
National Student Federation and National Student Association, and participated
in the Freedom Rides, riding a train from Los Angeles, California, to Houston,
Texas. He also discusses his work with the Delta Ministry, the Mississippi
Freedom Democratic Party, and the 1964 Democratic Party convention.
Moving Images
11 video files of 11 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (137 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0058_mv01-11
Manuscripts
1 transcript (51 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0058_McNichols_transcript
Mildred Pitts Walter oral
history interview conducted by David P. Cline in San Mateo, California, March 1, 2013
March 1, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Mildred Pitts Walter and her
husband, Earl Walter, were active in the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in
the late 1950s helping to desegregate housing in California. She also helped
recruit Freedom Riders from California. She later became a teacher and prolific
children's book author.
Summary: Mildred Pitts Walter discusses her early
life in Louisiana, attending Southern University, and moving to Los Angeles in
1944. Pitts recalls meeting Earl Walter whom she married two years later, her
work with Earl who headed the Los Angeles chapter of the Congress of Racial
Equality (CORE) from 1951 to 1963, CORE pickets of housing developers in Los
Angeles, and her work as a clerk in the LA school district while getting her
teaching credentials. She also discusses her career writing over 20 books for
children, her work with a national association of nurses to develop culturally
sensitive training, marching in the Soviet Union for peace, her ideas about
civil rights and human rights.
Moving Images
5 video files of 5 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (91 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0059_mv01-05
Manuscripts
1 transcript (36 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0059_Walter_transcript
Amos C. Brown oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in San Francisco, California, March 2, 2013
March 2, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: The Rev. Dr. Amos C. Brown was
a civil rights activist in Jackson, Mississippi. He attended Morehouse College,
Crozer Theological Seminary, and United Theological Seminary. He served as
pastor of San Francisco's Third Baptist Church and was a board member of the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
Summary: Reverend Dr. Amos Brown discusses his
childhood in Jackson, Mississippi and meeting Medgar Evers, who quickly became
his mentor. Brown was a leader in the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP) as a teenager, leading the Jackson chapter and then
the whole state Youth Council and traveling with Mr. Evers across the country
to attend a national conference. He was asked to leave his high school for
making comments to the Cleveland Plain Dealer about unequal schools for blacks,
and remembers his participation in a 1961 Freedom Ride, his travel to Africa as
part of Operation Crossroads Africa, and his work at Third Baptist Church on
various social causes.
Moving Images
8 video files of 8 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (119 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0060_mv01-08
Manuscripts
1 transcript (41 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0060_Brown_transcript
Clifford Browner oral history
interview conducted by Hasan Kwame Jeffries in Albany, Georgia, March 9, 2013
March 9, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Clifford Browner was a civil
rights activist in Terrell County, Georgia. He attended Albany State University
and joined the Army, and eventually worked in factories in Flint, Michigan, and
Atlanta, Georgia.
Summary: Clifford Browner discusses his childhood in
Sasser, Georgia, and how he came to be involved in the Southwest Georgia
Movement for civil rights in the early 1960s. He describes mass meetings at
Mount Olive Baptist Church, protesting racial segregation at his high school,
and participating in the March on Washington. He concludes the interview by
evaluating the changes he has seen in southwest Georgia over his lifetime.
Moving Images
2 video files of 2 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (65 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0061_mv01-02
Manuscripts
1 transcript (40 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0061_Browner_transcript
Lucius Holloway, Sr., and Emma
Kate Holloway oral history interview conducted by Hasan Kwame Jeffries in
Albany, Georgia, March 9,
2013
March 9, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Lucius Holloway, Sr., was a
civil rights activist in Terrell County, Georgia, Vice President of the local
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and the
plaintiff in a voter registration court case, Holloway v. Wise. He later became
County Commissioner of Terrell County.
Biographical History: Emma Kate Holloway was a civil
rights activist in Terrell County, Georgia. She also worked as a
beautician.
Summary: In this short interview, Lucius Holloway,
Sr., and Emma Kate Holloway describe their experiences in Terrell County,
Georgia. They discuss their childhood memories of Southwest Georgia, and how
they came to meet and marry. The remainder of the interview focuses on their
involvement in the Civil Rights Movement, the harassment they faced from white
supremacists, and their role in registering black voters.
Moving Images
1 video file (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (31 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0062_mv01
Manuscripts
1 transcript (16 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0062_Holloway_transcript
Sam Mahone oral history
interview conducted by Hasan Kwame Jeffries in Albany, Georgia, March 9, 2013
March 9, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Sam Mahone was a civil rights
activist with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in Americus,
Georgia. He attended Tougaloo College and the Art Institute of Atlanta and
worked in several art museums and galleries.
Summary: Sam Mahone discusses his experiences of
racial segregation and discrimination in Americus, Georgia, and how he came to
be involved in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). After he
joined SNCC, he participated in an array of activism: picketing a segregated
movie theater, registering voters, and organizing in the black community. He
also discusses the arrests that he and other activists experienced due to their
activism, including the Americus Four case and the Leesburg Stockade. He
concludes the interview by discussing his current involvement in showcasing
African American art.
Moving Images
1 video file (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (63 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0063_mv01
Manuscripts
1 transcript (29 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0063_Mahone_transcript
Robert McClary oral history
interview conducted by Hasan Kwame Jeffries in Albany, Georgia, March 9, 2013
March 9, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Robert McClary was a civil
rights activist with the Southwest Georgia Project in Worth County,
Georgia.
Summary: In this short interview, Robert McClary
discusses his involvement in the Southwest Georgia Project. McClary describes
attending mass meetings in Worth County, Georgia, and he discusses his work
with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Along with keeping
the books, he registered voters and informed people about welfare services.
Moving Images
2 video files of 2 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (28 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0064_mv01-02
Manuscripts
1 transcript (14 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0064_McClary_transcript
Johnnie Ruth McCullar oral
history interview conducted by Hasan Kwame Jeffries in Albany, Georgia, March 9, 2013
March 9, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Johnnie Ruth McCullar was a
civil rights activist with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in
Terrell County, Georgia. She also worked as a certified nursing assistant and
paraprofessional teacher.
Summary: Johnnie Ruth Browner McCullar describes
growing up in southwest Georgia, attending segregated schools in Sasser,
Georgia, and her work in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. She was a
secretary of the Terrell County Movement and she also participated in sit-ins
and helped to register voters. McCullar reflects on the legacy of the movement,
noting the changes in social and political life that she has witnessed during
her life, but also recognizing present-day challenges.
Moving Images
2 video files of 2 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (62 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0065_mv01-02
Manuscripts
1 transcript (36 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0065_McCullar_transcript
Sam Young, Jr., oral history
interview conducted by Will Griffin in Albany, Georgia, March 9, 2013
March 9, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Sam Young, Jr., worked as a
civil rights activist with the Southwest Georgia Project and also as a printer
and farmer.
Summary: Samuel J. Young, Jr., describes his
childhood in Worth County, Georgia, during the 1950s. He recalls the racial
violence that he witnessed and heard stories about as a child. After graduating
high school he joined the Southwest Georgia Project. He helped to start a
newspaper for the project and was also involved in the group's initiative to
develop a self-sufficient farm to counteract discrimination against black
farmers.
Moving Images
2 video files of 2 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (42 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0066_mv01-02
Manuscripts
1 transcript (25 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0066_Young_transcript
Grace Miller oral history
interview conducted by Will Griffin in Albany, Georgia, March 9, 2013
March 9, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Grace Hall Miller was a
homemaker in Baker County, Georgia. She was a civil rights activist and became
a member of the Baker County Board of Education.
Summary: Grace Hall Miller (mother of activist
Shirley Sherrod) describes her childhood in Baker County, Georgia, her
education in segregated schools, her marriage to Hosie Miller, and their early
involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. Grace Hall Miller's commitment to the
Baker County Movement grew following the murder of her husband by a white
neighbor in 1965. She describes how her house became headquarters for the local
movement and how the community rallied to support her and her children.
Miller's children were among the black students who integrated white schools,
and because of their experience, she dedicated much of her life to improving
education.
Moving Images
5 video files of 5 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (54 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0067_mv01-05
Manuscripts
1 transcript (38 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0067_Miller_transcript
Louise Broadway oral history
interview conducted by Will Griffin in Albany, Georgia, March 9, 2013
March 9, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Louise Broadway was a civil
rights activist in Baker County, Georgia, and also worked as a doctor's
assistant.
Summary: Louise Willingham Broadway shares her
experiences of segregated education in Baker County, Georgia, and she discusses
the lessons that her parents taught her when she was a child. Broadway
describes her experiences as a mother sending her daughter to an all-white
school. She also describes her involvement in the Baker County Movement,
especially her work for a doctor who treated Freedom Riders.
Moving Images
2 video files of 2 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (34 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0068_mv01-02
Manuscripts
1 transcript (21 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0068_Broadway_transcript
Mary Jenkins oral history
interview conducted by Will Griffin in Albany, Georgia, March 9, 2013
March 9, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Mary Jenkins was a civil
rights activist in Albany, Georgia. She attended Fisk University and Georgia
State University and worked as a teacher. She is the author of
Open Dem Cells: A Pictoral History of the Albany Movement.
Summary: Mary Jenkins describes Albany, Georgia,
during her childhood and discusses moments when she encountered racial
prejudice. She describes her education in all-black schools, her decision to
attend Fisk University, and her longing to become a teacher. Around the time of
Brown v. Board of Education, she began teaching in Georgia and witnessed
negative reactions of white administrators to the decision. Jenkins describes
her decision to join the Albany Movement, and she shares memories of working
with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Moving Images
5 video files of 5 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (41 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0069_mv01-05
Manuscripts
1 transcript (24 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0069_Jenkins_transcript
Mary Jones oral history
interview conducted by Will Griffin in Albany, Georgia, March 9, 2013
March 9, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Mary Jones was a civil rights
activist in Albany, Georgia, and also worked as a teacher.
Summary: Mary Jones describes her childhood in
Albany, Georgia, including the work she did as a child and her memories of
school. Jones discusses learning about the Civil Rights Movement by reading the
newspaper, and she describes her children's experiences as they entered white
schools. After she joined the Albany Movement, she helped to register voters,
participated in marches and boycotts, and joined the police committee to
recruit African American police officers. She closes the interview by
discussing the legacy of the Civil Rights Movement.
Moving Images
2 video files of 2 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (52 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0070_mv01-02
Manuscripts
1 transcript (34 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0070_Jones_transcript
Walter Bruce oral history
interview conducted by John Dittmer in Durant, Mississippi, March 11, 2013
March 11, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Walter Bruce was a civil
rights activist in Mississippi. He also worked as a carpenter and gospel singer
with the Soul Travelers.
Summary: Walter Bruce shares memories of his
childhood in Durant, Mississippi, where his family sharecropped. As a young man
he became a carpenter and also a gospel singer. He describes his early
involvement in the Civil Rights Movement, including his participation in
Mississippi Freedom Summer. Bruce was involved in community and political
organizing throughout the 1960s, from helping to start health clinics and
participating in the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party to his involvement in
sit-ins and marches. Bruce also discusses the process of choosing and running
black candidates for political office in the 1960s.
Moving Images
9 video files of 9 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (85 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0071_mv01-09
Manuscripts
1 transcript (50 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0071_Bruce_transcript
Euvester Simpson oral history
interview conducted by John Dittmer in Jackson, Mississippi, March 12, 2013
March 12, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Euvester Simpson attended
Tougaloo College and Millsaps College and was a civil rights activist in
Mississippi with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). She
later worked as a legal secretary, program administrator and business
owner.
Summary: Euvester Simpson discusses her childhood in
Itta Bena, Mississippi, and she describes her parents' decision to send her to
Racine, Wisconsin, to attend high school because they were fed up with
segregated public schools in Mississippi. For her last year of high school,
Simpson returned to Mississippi, and she became active in the Civil Rights
Movement. She describes attending a citizenship school in Charleston, South
Carolina, going to mass meetings, and being arrested with a group of women,
including Fannie Lou Hamer. She also discusses her involvement in the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Council of Federated
Organizations, and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. Simpson ends the
interview by discussing the legacy of the movement.
Moving Images
7 video files of 7 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (95 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0072_mv01-07
Manuscripts
1 transcript (49 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0072_Simpson_transcript
Julia Matilda Burns oral
history interview conducted by John Dittmer in Tchula, Mississippi, March 13, 2013
March 13, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Matilda Julia Burns was a
school teacher and civil rights activist in Mississippi.
Summary: Julia Matilda Burns describes her
experience in segregated schools in Humphreys County, Mississippi, where she
grew up. After becoming a teacher at Marshall High School in Belzoni,
Mississippi, she began to take notice of the Civil Rights Movement, but her
involvement was limited because she did not want to lose her job. Burns
describes protests by whites against school desegregation in Tchula,
Mississippi, and her experiences as a teacher in Tchula. She also discusses her
successful election for a position on the school board and the work she
accomplished during her tenure.
Moving Images
2 video files of 2 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (55 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0073_mv01-02
Manuscripts
1 transcript (40 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0073_Burns_transcript
Rosie Head oral history
interview conducted by John Dittmer in Tchula, Mississippi, March 13, 2013
March 13, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Rosie Head Howze was a civil
rights activist in Mississippi. She worked in many different roles providing
community services for children.
Summary: Rosie Head describes her early life in
Greenwood, Mississippi, where her family lived and worked on a plantation. She
discusses how her parents faced racial discrimination in their work and how
they were cheated by the plantation owner and then blacklisted. In 1964, Head
joined the Civil Rights Movement in Tchula, Mississippi, where her family had
relocated. Head recounts the various ways she was involved in the movement:
registering voters, working with Freedom Summer volunteers, helping to
establish the Child Development Group of Mississippi, and campaigning for black
candidates for political office.
Moving Images
7 video files of 7 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (79 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0074_mv01-07
Manuscripts
1 transcript (43 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0074_Head_transcript
Robert G. Clark, Jr., oral
history interview conducted by John Dittmer in Pickens, Mississippi, March 13, 2013
March 13, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: The Honorable Robert G. Clark,
Jr., is one of the many African American politicians who were elected to state
legislatures following the Voting Rights Act of 1964. He was the first black
representative elected to the Mississippi State House since the late 19th
century, the first African American to serve as a committee chair in the
Mississippi House and in 2004, the became the first African American to have a
Mississippi state building named in his honor. He served as Speaker Pro Tempore
from 1992 to 2003, when he retired as the longest serving representative.
Summary: Robert G. Clark, Jr., describes the early
life experiences that led up to his successful campaign for political office in
the Mississippi Legislature, where he became the first African American elected
since Reconstruction. He discusses his childhood in Pickens, Mississippi, and
he describes the family farm that he now owns, his relationship to his family,
and the expectations that they had of him to receive an education. Clark
discusses his career as an educator, and he describes how the Civil Rights
Movement influenced him. After a failed campaign for school superintendent he
volunteered to run for state office. Clark describes his experiences in the
Mississippi Legislature, focusing on how he helped to pass the Education Reform
Act.
Moving Images
8 video files of 8 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (118 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0075_mv01-08
Manuscripts
1 transcript (53 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0075_Clark_transcript
H. Jack Geiger oral history
interview conducted by John Dittmer in New York, New York, March 16, 2013
March 16, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Dr. Jack Geiger became active
in the civil rights movement in the 1950s. He helped black medical students
obtain admission to the University of Chicago. He also established the first
Office of Economic Opportunity health centers in Mound Bayou and Boston.
Summary: Dr. Jack Geiger discusses his early life
experiences and how he came to be a leading figure in the Medical Committee for
Human Rights. He describes his childhood in New York City, where he found a
mentor in actor Canada Lee, his college experience at the University of
Wisconsin-Madison, and his time as a U.S. Merchant Marine. He discusses his
involvement in the Commission for Racial Equality and the American Veterans
Committee in Chicago during the late 1940s. While attending medical school at
Case Western Reserve University, Geiger's interest in community-centered health
grew, especially after a trip to South Africa. He eventually volunteered as a
medical professional in Mississippi, where he helped to establish the
Tufts-Delta Health Center in 1965.
Moving Images
10 video files of 10 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (212 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0076_mv01-10
Manuscripts
1 transcript (73 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0076_Geiger_transcript
Ben Caldwell oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Los Angeles, California, April 11, 2013
April 11, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Ben Caldwell was a Vietnam
veteran, artist and filmmaker. He was a member of the L.A. Rebellion and the
founder of the KAOS Network, a community arts center, in Los Angeles,
California.
Summary: Ben Caldwell shares his family's history in
the Southwest and his childhood experience in New Mexico. Caldwell describes
his military service during the Vietnam War and how his experiences made him
reflect on racial prejudices in the United States. He began studying art, and
he eventually moved to Los Angeles, where he has been part of a black arts
movement since the 1970s. He discusses the L.A. Rebellion, a collective of
black filmmakers from UCLA, as well as various art projects in which he has
been involved and documentary films he has produced.
Moving Images
6 video files of 6 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (127 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0077_mv01-06
Manuscripts
1 transcript (65 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0077_Caldwell_transcript
Rick Tuttle oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Culver City, California, April 11, 2013
April 11, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Rick Tuttle attended Wesleyan
University and the University of California, Los Angeles, and participated in
the Freedom Rides of 1961. He helped found the California Federation of Young
Democrats and later became the Los Angeles City Controller and a lecturer at
the School of Public Policy at UCLA.
Summary: Rick Tuttle describes his family background
and when he first became aware of the sit-in movement and the Freedom Rides
when he was a student at Wesleyan University. As a graduate student at the
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), he was recruited to join the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1963 and went to Greenwood,
Mississippi, to work on voter registration drives. He also briefly spied on
white supremacist and Ku Klux Klan meetings. After being driven out of
Mississippi by threats, he joined the Chatham County Crusade for Voters in
Savannah, Georgia. Tuttle describes being arrested in Savannah for disturbing
the peace and the subsequent trial. Tuttle discusses the work he did after
leaving the Movement: as the comptroller in Los Angeles he helped to bring an
end to segregation at private clubs and participated in the anti-apartheid
movement.
Moving Images
6 video files of 6 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (125 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0078_mv01-06
Manuscripts
1 transcript (58 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0078_Tuttle_transcript
Joan Trumpauer Mulholland oral
history interview conducted by John Dittmer in Arlington, Virginia, March 17, 2013
March 17, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Joan Trumpauer Mulholland
attended Duke University and Tougaloo College. She joined the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and participated in the Freedom Rides
of 1961. She later worked at the Smithsonian Institution, at the Department of
Commerce, and the Department of Justice and as a teacher in Arlington,
Virginia.
Summary: Joan Trumpauer Mulholland shares how, as a
child in Arlington, Virginia, her awareness of racial disparities grew. As a
student at Duke University, she began participating in the sit-in movement. She
soon moved to Washington, D.C. and joined the Nonviolent Action Group (NAG),
which led her to participate in the Freedom Rides of 1961. She describes in
detail serving time at Mississippi State Penitentiary (Parchman Farm) with
other civil rights activists. Mulholland also discusses attending Tougaloo
College and her involvement in the Jackson sit-in movement.
Moving Images
8 video files of 8 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (126 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0079_mv01-08
Manuscripts
1 transcript (70 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0079_Mulholland_transcript
Martha Prescod Norman Noonan
oral history interview conducted by John Dittmer in Cockeysville, Maryland,
March 18, 2013
March 18, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Martha Prescod Norman Noonan
grew up in Rhode Island and attended the University of Michigan. She was a
fundraiser and a field secretary for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC). She later worked as a community organizer in Baltimore,
Maryland.
Summary: Martha Prescod Norman Noonan describes her
childhood in Providence, Rhode Island, and being one of the few black families
in the neighborhood. Her parents urged her to attend the University of
Michigan, where she joined Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and learned
about the Civil Rights Movement in the South. She eventually made her way to
Albany, Georgia, where she worked with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee. She also worked in the Movement in Mississippi and later in Alabama.
Noonan describes the March on Washington, her perception of Mississippi Freedom
Summer, and the early iterations of Black Power.
Moving Images
7 video files of 7 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (93 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0080_mv01-07
Manuscripts
1 transcript (50 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0080_Noonan_transcript
Cleveland Sellers oral history
interview conducted by John Dittmer in Denmark, South Carolina, March 21, 2013
March 21, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Dr. Cleveland Sellers was a
civil rights activist with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
and was arrested after the Orangeburg Massacre in 1968. He later became a
professor of African American studies at the University of South Carolina and
president of Voorhees College.
Summary: Cleveland Sellers shares memories of
growing up in Denmark, South Carolina, especially the influence of Voorhees
College in the community. He organized a Youth Chapter of the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in Denmark, and he
describes the group's activities. He discusses his first impressions of Howard
University, where he joined the Nonviolent Action Group (NAG). He shares
memories of the March on Washington and the role of students in organizing it,
his involvement in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and
his role in the Mississippi Freedom Project. He also describes the goals of the
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party and the tensions that developed within
SNCC in the late 1960s.
Moving Images
5 video files of 5 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (108 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0081_mv01-05
Manuscripts
1 transcript (49 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0081_Sellers_transcript
William S. Leventhal oral
history interview conducted by David P. Cline in El Segundo, California, April 13, 2013
April 13, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Willy Siegel Leventhal
attended the University of California, Los Angeles and worked for the Summer
Community Organization and Political Education (SCOPE) and the Southern
Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). He later became a special education
teacher and baseball coach and worked on several political campaigns.
Summary: Willy Siegel Leventhal discusses his
childhood in California, his experiences at the University of California, Los
Angeles (UCLA) in the 1960s, and his involvement in the Summer Community
Organization and Political Education Project (SCOPE). Leventhal describes what
it was like to be a Jewish child in a mostly Catholic community and how his
childhood experiences informed his later activism and identity. Baseball was
especially important to him, as he witnessed the first Jewish and African
American ballplayers desegregate the Major Leagues. Leventhal became active in
SCOPE during his first year at UCLA, after Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., visited
campus to recruit students. Leventhal describes the SCOPE training in Atlanta,
and he shares his memories of living and working in Macon and Americus,
Georgia.
Moving Images
8 video files of 8 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (182 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0082_mv01-08
Manuscripts
1 transcript (113 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0082_Leventhal_transcript
Gloria Claudette Grinnell oral
history interview conducted by David P. Cline in Ojai, California, April 14, 2013
April 14, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Gloria Claudette Collins
Grinnell grew up in California and attended Virginia Union University. She
participated in sit-ins in Richmond, Virginia, and later became a teacher in
Los Angeles, California.
Summary: Gloria Claudette Grinnell recounts her
participation in the sit-in movement in Richmond, Virginia, when she was a
student at Virginia Union University. She describes her family's history on the
East Coast and explains how she and her mother ended up in San Francisco. She
discusses her decision to move from California to attend Virginia Union. She
describes the sit-in movement that she joined in 1960. She discusses returning
to California and her career with the Los Angeles Unified School District.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (67 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0083_mv01-04
Manuscripts
1 transcript (43 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0083_Grinnell_transcript
Clarence B. Jones oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Palo Alto, California, April 15, 2013
April 15, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Dr. Clarence B. Jones attended
Columbia University and Boston University school of Law. He was a former
personal counsel, advisor, draft speech writer, and close friend of Dr. Martin
Luther King, Jr. He also worked as an entertainment lawyer and investment
banker.
Summary: Dr. Clarence B. Jones shares memories from
his work as a legal advisor and speechwriter for Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. In
particular, he describes his significant contributions to the
I Have a Dream
speech, which King delivered at the March on Washington in 1963. Jones
also describes his early life living in a Philadelphia home for indigent black
orphans and foster children, because his parents, who were both domestic
workers, could not afford to provide for him. Jones talks about his education
at Columbia University, his training as a classical clarinetist, and some of
his early encounters with leftist politics while in New York. Jones discusses
the death of his mother and the profound effect it had on him. He describes his
time spent in the military during the Korean War. Other topics discussed in the
interview include Jones's marriage to Anne Norton, his studies at Boston
University Law School, and his move to California to become an entertainment
lawyer.
Moving Images
12 video files of 12 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (163 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0084_mv01-12
Manuscripts
1 transcript (62 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0084_Jones_transcript
Samuel Berry McKinney oral
history interview conducted by David P. Cline in Seattle, Washington, April 17, 2013
April 17, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: The Reverend Dr. Samuel
McKinney attended Morehouse College and became the minister of the Mount Zion
Baptist Church in Seattle, Washington. He was a leader in the Civil Rights
Movement in Seattle and founded the Central Area Civil Rights Committee.
Summary: The Reverend Dr. Samuel Berry McKinney
recalls growing up in Cleveland, Ohio, and attending Morehouse College, where
he got to know fellow freshman Martin Luther King, Jr. After service in the
Army Flight Corps during World War II and finishing his college education,
McKinney became a minister at a church in Seattle, Washington, where he
contributed to the creation of the Liberty Bank. He discusses his role in
founding the Central Area Civil Rights Committee in Seattle.
Moving Images
7 video files of 7 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (109 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0085_mv01-07
Manuscripts
1 transcript (39 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0085_McKinney_transcript
Charles Siler oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Dallas, Texas, May 10, 2013
May
10, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Charles Siler attended
Southern University in Louisiana and became a civil rights activist. He also
was a Vietnam veteran, museum curator, and cartoonist.
Summary: Charles Siler remembers his early life in
Louisiana, including a penchant for drawing that began before the age of two,
quitting the Boy Scouts when his troop made black Scouts walk behind the horses
in a local parade, and picketing Louisiana's segregated State Library as a
senior in high school. He was eventually expelled from Southern University
because of his activism. He joined the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP) in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He was drafted in 1967 and
served in the military in the Vietnam War. He continued his civil rights
advocacy as he took a variety of positions at cultural institutions and began a
career as a cartoonist. The interview closes with Siler's reflections on
identity and the process of learning from those who are ideologically
different.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (102 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0086_mv01-04
Manuscripts
1 transcript (46 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0086_Siler_transcript
Aaron Dixon oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Seattle, Washington, May 11, 2013
May
11, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Aaron Dixon was a co-founder
of the Black Panther Party in Seattle, Washington. He later worked for many
non-profits, founded Central House, and ran for U.S. Senator as a Green Party
candidate in Washington State.
Summary: Aaron Dixon describes his childhood in the
Midwest and in Seattle and how he became a leader in the Black Panther Party,
helping to found the Seattle chapter of the Party. Dixon describes in detail
his family history and the influence of oral tradition on his racial
consciousness. He discusses the role of the Black Student Union at the
University of Washington and details how the murder of Little Bobby Hutton
influenced him profoundly and led him to join the Black Panther Party. He
describes the Party's influence in Seattle and Oakland, his role in the Party,
tensions with the police, tensions among members, and how the goals of the
Black Panther Party shifted over the 1960s and 1970s.
Moving Images
11 video files of 11 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (148 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0087_mv01-11
Manuscripts
1 transcript (70 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0087_Dixon_transcript
Bill Russell oral history
interview conducted by Taylor Branch in Seattle, Washington, May 12, 2013
May
12, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Bill Russell was a leader in
the sports arena as an advocate for justice and equality, both as a member of
the basketball teams for the University of San Francisco and the Boston
Celtics.
Summary: Basketball player Bill Russell remembers
his childhood in Louisiana and Oakland, California, in the 1940s. After winning
two Final Fours with the University of San Francisco, he won an Olympic gold
medal and an NBA championship playing for the Boston Celtics, one of thirteen
Russell would win, including eight in a row. Russell had a difficult
relationship with the sports media in Boston, but a better one with his Celtics
teammates. He defends the organization as progressive on racial matters (as
opposed to the Red Sox) and describes a post-retirement reconciliation with
Boston that resulted in considerable Red Sox support for his mentoring
organization and a statue of him, erected in 2013.
Moving Images
11 video files of 11 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (187 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0088_mv01-11
Manuscripts
1 transcript (60 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0088_Russell_transcript
Linda Fuller Degelmann
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Americus, Georgia, May 28, 2013
May
28, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Linda Fuller moved to the
cooperative Koinonia Farm with her husband Millard in the 1960s. The Fullers
founded Habitat for Humanity in 1976.
Summary: Linda Fuller Degelmann discusses her
experiences at Koinonia Farm in Americus, Georgia, and how she and her husband
Millard Fuller were inspired to start Habitat for Humanity. She describes her
childhood in Birmingham, Alabama, and her memories of racial segregation from
childhood through young adulthood when she became aware of the Freedom Rides
and the Civil Rights Movement. She and Millard decided to move to Koinonia Farm
in 1968, where they worked on cooperative industries, helped to establish a
child development center, and built homes, which provided the seeds for Habitat
for Humanity. She goes on to describe the growth of Habitat for Humanity in the
United States and internationally, and she explains the religious principles of
the organization as well as linking it to the Civil Rights Movement.
Moving Images
6 video files of 6 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (128 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0089_mv01-06
Manuscripts
1 transcript (53 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0089_Degelmann_transcript
Lonnie C. King oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Atlanta, Georgia, May 29, 2013
May
29, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Lonnie C. King was a civil
rights activist with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and a
leader of the Committee on the Appeal for Human Rights (COAHR)
Summary: Lonnie C. King shares his memories of
growing up in Atlanta, where he attended Ebenezer Baptist Church and was close
with Martin Luther King, Jr.'s family. He recalls his stint in the U.S. Navy,
his years as a student at Morehouse College, and the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in Atlanta in the 1960s. He also remembers his
relationships with older African American leaders in Atlanta, including Martin
Luther King, Sr., Benjamin Mays, and Rufus Clement, and the various boycotts
and protests staged by the Atlanta Student Movement while he was its
director.
Moving Images
11 video files of 11 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (154 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0090_mv01-11
Manuscripts
1 transcript (68 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0090_King_transcript
Scott Bates oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Sewanee, Tennessee, June 20, 2013
June
20, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Scott Bates was a World War II
Army veteran and a professor of French at the University of the South in
Sewanee, Tennessee. He was deeply involved with the Highlander Folk School.
Summary: Professor Scott Bates describes his career
as an educator and civil rights supporter in Sewanee, Tennessee. He discusses
his memories of race relations on U.S. Army bases during World War II, and he
describes how he moved from the Midwest to Sewanee, Tennessee to become a
college instructor of French. Once in Sewanee, Bates soon learned about the
Highlander Folk School, where he attended civil rights meetings, spent time
with Myles Horton, and served on the board.
Moving Images
6 video files of 6 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (97 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0091_mv01-06
Manuscripts
1 transcript (55 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0091_Bates_transcript
Walter Tillow oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Louisville, Kentucky, June 21, 2013
June
21, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Walter Tillow was a civil
rights activist with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). He
was also a labor organizer for the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers
of America (UE), an anti-war activist, and member of the Communist Party.
Summary: Walter Tillow discusses how he joined the
Civil Rights Movement as a college student and how that led him into labor and
leftist movements. He describes his childhood in New York City and the leftist
politics of his parents, as well as how he learned about the Movement as a
college student at Harpur College and as a graduate student at Cornell
University. In 1963 he joined the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC) and moved to Fayette County, Georgia where he worked on voter
registration drives. He later worked in the SNCC communication office in
Atlanta. He describes in detail the movement for the Mississippi Freedom
Democratic Party. In 1965 he left the Movement to work for the United
Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America (UE) and he later worked for
the Communist Party.
Moving Images
7 video files of 7 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (108 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0092_mv01-07
Manuscripts
1 transcript (59 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0092_TillowW_transcript
Lisa Anderson Todd oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Washington, D.C., June 24, 2013
June
24, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Lisa Anderson Todd was a civil
rights activist with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). She
later became a lawyer and judge.
Summary: Lisa Anderson Todd shares memories from
when she was a Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) volunteer in
Mississippi in 1963 and her recollections of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic
Party at the Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City. Todd describes
how she was introduced to the Movement during her participation in a work camp
at Tougaloo College and how she went on to do voter registration work, first
with the American Friends Service Committee in Greensboro, North Carolina, and
then with SNCC in Greenville, Mississippi. Todd shares her memories as well as
her book research on the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. She also
describes her college years at Cornell University; her decision to attend law
school at Stanford; her interest in civil rights law; and her work as a lawyer
and later as an administrative judge.
Moving Images
8 video files of 8 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (169 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0093_mv01-08
Manuscripts
1 transcript (67 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0093_Todd_transcript
William Lucy oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Washington, D.C., June 25, 2013
June
25, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: William Lucy was a civil
rights activist and labor leader with the American Federation of State, County
and Municipal Employees (AFSCME).
Summary: William Lucy discusses his role in the
American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) in the
1960s, especially how he and the union supported the 1968 sanitation workers'
strike in Memphis, Tennessee. In 1966 Lucy started to work for AFSCME in
Washington, D.C., as the Associate Director of the Department of Legislation
and Community Affairs. Lucy explains AFSCME's support of the Civil Rights
Movement, especially the push to expose the economic exploitation of African
Americans. Lucy narrates the events of the 1968 sanitation workers strike in
Memphis, discusses the involvement of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and
describes the union's strategies. Lucy also discusses his involvement in the
Coalition of Black Trade Unionists and the Free South Africa Movement.
Moving Images
5 video files of 5 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (78 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0094_mv01-05
Manuscripts
1 transcript (36 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0094_Lucy_transcript
Luis Zapata oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Silver Spring, Maryland, June 27, 2013
June
27, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Luis Zapata was an civil
rights activist and labor organizer. He worked for the United Farm Workers, the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Mississippi Freedom Labor
Union, and many other organizations.
Summary: Luis Zapata describes his childhood in
Orange County, California, and how he came to join the labor movement as a
college student at San Jose State University. He discusses the organizing work
he did with the United Farm Workers and how he ended up moving to Cleveland,
Mississippi, for four years where he organized for the Mississippi Freedom
Labor Union and helped to register voters with the Council of Federated
Organizations (COFO) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
Zapata also discusses his later involvement in the congressional campaign of
Mike Espy as well as his participation in international movements for human
rights.
Moving Images
6 video files of 6 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (122 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0095_mv01-06
Manuscripts
1 transcript (71 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0095_Zapata_transcript
John Dudley, Eleanor Stewart,
Charles Jarmon, Frances Suggs, Harold Suggs, and Samuel Dove oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Hyattsville, Maryland, June 28, 2013
June
28, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Charles Jarmon participated in
the Adkin High School walkout of 1951 in Kinston, North Carolina. He later
became a professor of sociology and associate dean at Howard University
Biographical History: Eleanor Stewart participated
in the Adkin High School walkout of 1951 in Kinston, North Carolina. She later
became a vocalist, conductor, and music teacher in Washington, D.C.
Biographical History: Frances Suggs participated in
the Adkin High School walkout of 1951 in Kinston, North Carolina. She later
became a music teacher and manager in Washington, D.C.
Biographical History: Harold Suggs participated in
the Adkin High School walkout of 1951 in Kinston, North Carolina. He later
became a businessman and educator in Washington, D.C.
Biographical History: John Dudley participated in
the Adkin High School walkout of 1951 in Kinston, North Carolina. He later
worked as a youth home director for the Bureau of Rehabilitation in Washington,
D.C.
Biographical History: Samuel Dove participated in
the Adkin High School walkout of 1951 in Kinston, North Carolina. He was also a
civil rights activist with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC).
Summary: The interviewees in this group interview
were students who staged a walkout in 1951 at the all black, segregated Adkin
High School in Kinston, North Carolina, to protest unequal conditions. The
interviewees describe their family backgrounds, life in segregated Kinston, and
Adkin High School. They remember learning that their school was unequal to the
all-white school from which they were barred, and planning and staging a
school-wide walkout and march without the assistance of any adults. They also
discuss their lives since high school.
Moving Images
8 video files of 8 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (153 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0096_mv01-08
Manuscripts
1 transcript (67 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0096_Adkin_High_School_transcript
Cecilia Suyat Marshall oral
history interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Washington, D.C., June 30, 2013
June
30, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Cecilia Suyat Marshall, a
Filipino born in Hawaii, came to the United States in 1948. She worked as a
secretary for the NAACP before marrying civil rights lawyer Thurgood
Marshall.
Summary: Cecilia Suyat Marshall recalls moving from
Hawaii to New York where she found a job as a secretary with the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1948. Marshall
notes some of the highlights of her experiences at the NAACP offices, including
the organization's victory in the Brown v. Board case, traveling the South with
NAACP staff, and attending conferences. There she met the many local people who
gave the Civil Rights Movement strength. She left the organization after her
marriage to Thurgood Marshall, and with that departure became more of a mother
and wife than an activist, but retained her activist spirit with membership on
the boards of progressive organizations.
Moving Images
3 video files of 3 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (31 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0097_mv01-03
Manuscripts
1 transcript (20 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0097_Marshall_transcript
D'Army Bailey oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Memphis, Tennessee, August 13, 2013
August 13, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: D'Army Bailey was a civil
rights activist, lawyer, judge, actor and member of the Berkeley, California,
city council. He helped found the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis,
Tennessee.
Summary: D'Army Bailey describes growing up in
Memphis, Tennessee, the influence of the Crump political machine in city
politics, and his involvement with the Memphis NAACP at an early age. He talks
about his participation in the civil rights activism as a student at Southern
University, for which he was ultimately expelled. Bailey describes his move to
Clark University in Massachusetts, where he became involved in the Northern
Student Movement. After discussing his time spent at Boston University Law
School, Bailey talks about a series of jobs he had related to civil rights and
legal services, including serving as the director of the Law Students Civil
Rights Research Council (LSCRRC). Bailey also describes his career in
California as a Berkeley City Councilman, his recall from that post, and his
subsequent move back to his hometown of Memphis, where he has served as a
lawyer, judge, and founder of the National Civil Rights Museum.
Moving Images
14 video files of 14 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (191 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0098_mv01-14
Manuscripts
1 transcript (93 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0098_Bailey_transcript
Kay Tillow oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Louisville, Kentucky, August 14, 2013
August 14, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Kay Tillow was a civil rights
activist with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and a labor
leader of the Service Employees International Union (SEIU).
Summary: Kay Tillow describes learning about the
Civil Rights Movement as a student at the University of Illinois, where she got
involved with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP). She remembers attending the trials of Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC) workers in Cairo, Illinois, and traveling to Ghana in 1962.
When she returned to the United States in 1963 she participated in sit-ins in
Atlanta, Georgia, and demonstrations in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. She discusses
her work with the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) Local 1199, a
hospital workers' union, and organizing victories in Pennsylvania. Tillow also
discusses her role in the Coalition of Labor Union Women and her current work
on health care reform.
Moving Images
5 video files of 5 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (73 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0099_mv01-05
Manuscripts
1 transcript (32 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0099_TillowKay_transcript
John and Jean Rosenberg oral
history interview conducted by David P. Cline in Prestonburg, Kentucky, August 15, 2013
August 15, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: John Rosenberg was an attorney
for the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division. He was a prosecutor
on the trials for the murders of James Chaney, Michael Schwerner, and Andrew
Goodman in Mississippi. He is the founder of AppalReD (Appalachian Research and
Defense Fund) in Kentucky.
Biographical History: Jean Rosenberg was a research
analyst for the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division and the wife
of lawyer John Rosenberg.
Summary: Jean and John Rosenberg begin this
interview with recollections of their families' backgrounds. Jean learned about
social issues as she was raised by a Quaker family in Pennsylvania, and John's
family fled Germany under threat from the Nazis. Jean attended Wilmington
College and became a research analyst for the Department of Justice's Civil
Rights Division. John grew up in Gastonia, North Carolina, where FBI agents
kept tabs on his family, attended Duke University, served in the Air Force, and
attended the University of North Carolina School of Law. He became an attorney
with the Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division, which became effective
after reorganization by John Doar. Much of this interview concerns Jean and
John's work with the Civil Rights Division, including support for voter
registration efforts in Georgia and Alabama, the investigation of the Hartman
Turnbow case, in which a black activist was arrested for an arson attempt on
his own home, and an effort to address a murder in Mississippi. John also
addresses the effects of the Voting Rights Act in the South, the role of the
lawyers in the Civil Rights Division in relation to the FBI and local law
enforcement, and a variety of other cases and issues he dealt with. After
retirement, the Rosenbergs founded the Appalachian Citizens Law Center.
Moving Images
10 video files of 10 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (157 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0100_mv01-10
Manuscripts
1 transcript (70 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0100_Rosenbergs_transcript
William M. Lawrence oral
history interview conducted by David P. Cline in Roanoke, Virginia, August 16, 2013
August 16, 2013
This interview is currently restricted.
Biographical History: William Lawrence was a
long-time employee of the Norfolk and Western Railroad in Roanoke,
Virginia.
Summary: William Lawrence describes his long career
with the Norfolk and Western Railroad in Roanoke, Virginia. Lawrence was born
in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1922 but grew up in Roanoke and worked for the
railroad most of his adult life. He discusses conditions of labor, race
relations at the workplace, and his experience working as a foreman.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (45 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0101_mv01-04
Manuscripts
1 transcript (33 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0101_Lawrence_transcript
Oliver W. Hill, Jr., oral
history interview conducted by David P. Cline in Petersburg, Virginia, August 17, 2013
August 17, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Oliver W. Hill, Jr., was the
soon of civil rights attorney Oliver W. Hill, Sr. He integrated the Richmond,
Virginia, public schools as a child and became a professor of psychology.
Summary: Oliver W. Hill, Jr., discusses his father,
civil rights lawyer Oliver Hill. He explains his father's childhood and
education in Roanoke, Virginia, how he ended up at Howard University in the
1920s, where he was in the same class as Thurgood Marshall and studied law
under Charles Hamilton Houston. In the 1930s Hill reunited with both of them to
work for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, which was focused on challenging
segregation laws. Hill describes his own experience as a black student
integrating a white school in Richmond, Virginia, attending Howard University,
becoming a psychology professor at Virginia State University, and working with
Bob Moses on the Algebra Project. He also discusses the education of African
American children, school reform, and student testing.
Moving Images
5 video files of 5 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (73 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0102_mv01-05
Manuscripts
1 transcript (37 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0102_Hill_transcript
John Carlos oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in New York, New York, August 18, 2013
August 18, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: John Carlos was a member of
the American Olympic track team and was the Bronze Medalist at the 1968 Summer
Olympics in Mexico, where he protested racism around the world. He later played
football in the NFL, and worked as a counselor and track and field coach.
Summary: John Carlos discusses his childhood in
Harlem, New York, the changes that he saw in Harlem with the widespread use of
heroin and the splintering of families, and describes the disparities in
education for black children when he was growing up. He remembers the influence
of black leaders including Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, and Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr. Carlos was recruited to run track at East Texas State University,
where he experienced racial discrimination and was treated poorly by his coach.
He explains his protest at the 1968 Olympics, including the symbols that he and
Tommy Smith employed to protest racial discrimination, and he describes the
emotional impact that the protest had on him.
Moving Images
9 video files of 9 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (127 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0103_mv01-09
Manuscripts
1 transcript (68 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0103_Carlos_transcript
Ekwueme Michael Thelwell oral
history interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Pelham, Massachusetts, August 23, 2013
August 23, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Dr. Ekwueme Michael Thelwell
is a scholar, activist, writer, and administrator at the University of
Massachusetts Amherst. He served as a staff member of the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and worked as a civil rights activist in the deep
South and in Washington, D.C.
Summary: Ekwueme Michael Thelwell remembers his time
as a student activist at Howard University and his experiences with the
Nonviolent Action Group (NAG), the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC), and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). Working primarily
out of Washington, D.C., Thelwell marched in and organized demonstrations and
made major contributions to SNCC and MFDP strategy around voter registration
and the MFDP's 1965 effort to challenge the seating of the Mississippi
congressional delegation. He details the developing MFDP strategy, his attempts
to navigate Washington politics, and his relationships with various figures
involved in the effort.
Moving Images
24 video files of 24 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (255 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0104_mv01-24
Manuscripts
1 transcript (116 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0104_Thelwell_transcript
Virginia Simms George oral
history interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Northborough, Massachusetts,
August 24, 2013
August 24, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Virginia Simms George was a
civil rights activist in Richmond, Virginia, and later a human resource
professional, teacher, counselor in Massachusetts.
Summary: Virginia Simms George remembers growing up
in segregated Newport News, Virginia, attending Virginia Union University, and
her desire to become a lawyer. She recalls participating in a protest at
Thalhimers department store in Richmond, Virginia. She discusses her work as a
teacher, counselor, and volunteering for many organizations. She also discusses
the commemoration of the protests in Richmond, and her thoughts on racism and
other civil rights issues today.
Moving Images
6 video files of 6 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (73 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0105_mv01-06
Manuscripts
1 transcript (43 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0105_George_transcript
Robert J. Brown oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in High Point, North Carolina, October 1, 2013
October 1, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Robert J. Brown was a police
officer and founder of B & C Associates, Inc., a public relations firm.
Summary: Robert Brown describes his childhood in
High Point, North Carolina, the poverty and segregation that defined his
childhood, and how his grandmother influenced him by telling stories about his
family's history during slavery. Brown became one of the first black policemen
in High Point and later transitioned to a position as a federal agent in New
York. He returned to North Carolina in 1960 to start a public relations firm, B
& C Associates, Inc., which advised companies about how to change policies
on race and segregation. Brown also shares stories about serving as a special
assistant to President Richard Nixon and his role in bringing attention to
apartheid in South Africa through his relationship with Nelson Mandela and his
family.
Moving Images
11 video files of 11 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (130 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0106_mv01-11
Manuscripts
1 transcript (59 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0106_Brown_transcript
Harry Blake oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Shreveport, Louisiana, October 3, 2013
October 3, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: The Reverend Harry Blake is
the pastor of Mt. Canaan Baptist Church in Shreveport, Louisiana. He served as
the first field secretary of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
(SCLC) and as president of the Louisiana Baptist State Convention and General
Secretary of the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.
Summary: The Reverend Doctor Harry Blake discusses
his childhood on a plantation in Louisiana in the 1930s and 1940s and how he
became a leader in the Civil Rights Movement in Shreveport, Louisiana. Blake
joined the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1960 after he heard Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr., give a speech at Bishop College in Texas, where he was
a student. Blake discusses his pastorate at Mount Canaan Baptist Church in
Shreveport, how he came to develop a good relationship with local politicians,
and the work he continues to do within the context of the civil rights
struggle.
Moving Images
4 video files of 4 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (70 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0107_mv01-04
Manuscripts
1 transcript (28 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0107_Blake_transcript
Abernathy family oral history
interview conducted by Hasan Kwame Jeffries in Atlanta, Georgia, and Stuttgart,
Germany, October 10,
2013
October 10, 2013
Digital content available
Biographical History: Donzaleigh Abernathy is an
actress, producer, director, and writer in Los Angeles, California.
Biographical History: Juandalynn R. Abernathy is an
opera, concert, and African-American spirituals singer.
Biographical History: Ralph David Abernathy, III, is
a social justice activist, and a former Georgia State Senator and member of the
State House of Representatives.
Summary: Donzaleigh Abernathy, Juandalynn Abernathy,
and Ralph Abernathy, III, recall their father, Ralph David Abernathy and their
own experiences as children in the Civil Rights Movement. The Abernathy
children spent much of their childhoods with the children of Martin Luther
King, Jr. Unlike the King children, the Abernathy siblings actively
participated in direct action, including the Poor People's Campaign. All three
children felt palpably the fear of violence in their everyday lives. This
interview offers an intimate portrait of the home of a civil rights icon and of
the intense friendship between Abernathy and King.
Moving Images
10 video files of 10 (Apple ProRes 422 HQ,
QuickTime wrapper) (118 min.) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0108_mv01-10
Manuscripts
1 transcript (65 pages)
afc2010039_crhp0108_Abernathy_transcript
Wyatt Tee Walker oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Richmond, Virginia, July 9, 2014
July
9, 2014
Digital content available
Biographical History: Wyatt Tee Walker, African
American pastor, national civil rights leader, theologian, and cultural
historian. He was educated at Virginia Union University, B.S. in chemistry and
physics and the Virginia Union Graduate School of Theology. He was a chief of
staff for Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and in 1958 became an early board member
of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). He helped found a
Congress for Racial Equality (CORE) chapter in 1958. As executive director of
the SCLC from 1960 to 1964, Walker helped to bring the group to national
prominence.
Biographical History: Theresa Ann Walker was a civil
rights worker and Freedom Rider.
Summary: Dr. Walker reflects on his involvement in
the freedom movement, especially his work as Martin Luther King's chief of
staff and as the Executive Director of the Southern Christian Leadership
Conference (SCLC) from 1960-1964. He recalls helping to organize the Children's
Crusade in Birmingham, Alabama, and supporting Dr. King in transcribing and
publishing
Letter from a Birmingham Jail.
He also remembers preaching in Petersburg, Virginia, and Harlem, New
York, and becoming involved in several later movements, including
anti-apartheid and pro-charter schools activism. Towards the end of the
interview, his wife, Theresa Ann Walker, joins him on camera to talk briefly
about her experiences in the movement.
Moving Images
7 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (01:13:19) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Ellie Dahmer oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, November 30, 2015
November 30, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Ellie Jewel Davis, born in
Rose Hill, Mississippi, attended Alcorn State University and Tennessee A&I,
and worked as a teacher throughout Mississippi. She married Vernon Ferdinand
Dahmer, Sr. (1908-1966) in March of 1952. Vernon Dahmer was a leader in the
Civil Rights Movement and president of the Forrest County chapter of the NAACP
in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. On January 10, 1966, the Dahmer home was
firebombed by the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. Though Ellie escaped with
the children, Vernon died from resulting injuries.
Summary: Ellie Dahmer discusses her involvement in
the NAACP and voting rights activism in Forrest County, Mississippi. She
recalls her experiences in education, both as a student at local schools,
Alcorn State University, and Tennessee A&I, and as a teacher in schools
throughout Mississippi. Her career as a Forrest County election commissioner is
also discussed. She speaks about her husband, fellow activist Vernon Dahmer,
and remembers the night when Klu Klux Klan members burned her home, killing her
husband and injuring her children.
Moving Images
7 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (1:22:32) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Peggy Jean Connor oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, November 30, 2015
November 30, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Peggy Jean Connor is a strong
movement activist, whose early involvement in voter registration included two
important lawsuits. She was very active in Council of Federated Organizations
(COFO) and Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP).
Summary: Peggy Jean Connor discusses her role in the
Civil Rights Movement in southern Mississippi. She focuses particularly on
voter registration, Freedom Day, being a Democratic National Convention
delegate, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP), Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), her arrest, organizing the
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), and the
Connor v. Johnson
lawsuit.
Moving Images
7 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (1:21:14) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Raylawni G. Branch and Jeanette
Smith oral history interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Hattiesburg,
Mississippi, December 1,
2015
December 1, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Jeanette Smith, Mississippi
Civil Rights worker, worked with the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP) and the Council of Federated Organizations
(COFO).
Biographical History: Raylawni G. Branch,
Mississippi pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement, a professional nursing
educator and US Air Force Reserve officer. She is best known for her leading
role in the integration of the University of Southern Mississippi (Hattiesburg)
in 1965.
Summary: Raylawni G. Branch and Jeanette Smith
discuss their involvement in the Hattiesburg, Mississippi-based Civil Rights
Movement. They remember their upbringings as mixed race children, Smith in
Mississippi and Branch in Mississippi and Chicago, Illinois. Branch recalls
entering as one of the first black students at the University of Southern
Mississippi. Both speak about their activism for voting rights and education,
as well as sharing their philosophies on issues of race, discrimination, and
activism.
Moving Images
6 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (2:36:43) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Clarence Magee oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, December 1, 2015
December 1, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Clarence Magee, born in 1932
in Columbia, Mississippi, was the oldest of ten children and was raised working
on his parents' farm. He studied biology at Alcorn A&M graduating in 1954,
and attended graduate school at Harvard. He served in the U.S. Army for two
years and was stationed in Germany. After leaving the service he taught in
several schools in Hattiesburg. He cofounded the Hattiesburg Association for
Civic Improvement and was active in helping schools formulate desegregation
plans. He was also involved in NAACP and in training for the Freedom Summer. He
later worked for the Southern Mississippi Planning and Development Commission
and the federal Department of Agriculture, Food, and Consumer Service office in
Mobile, Alabama.
Summary: Clarence Magee discusses the Civil Rights
Movement in Mississippi. He recalls growing up in Marion County, Mississippi,
where he was pushed by his family to pursue an education. He remembers becoming
involved with the Hattiesburg branch of the NAACP after he was barred from
registering to vote in 1956, then working in sensitivity training for Freedom
Summer volunteers. He also discusses teaching in schools, working for the
federal government, and co-founding the Hattiesburg Association for Civic
Improvement.
Moving Images
6 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (1:50:33) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Vernon Dahmer, Jr. oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, December 1, 2015
December 1, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Vernon Dahmer, Jr. was born in
1929 in Kelly Settlement, Mississippi. The son of civil rights activist Vernon
F. Dahmer, he joined the military in 1951, and after retiring from the Air
Force, now resides in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.
Summary: Vernon Dahmer, Jr., remembers growing up
near Hattiesburg, Mississippi, and discusses his experiences relating to
segregation and race, as a child and in the military. He also recalls the night
his family's home in Hattiesburg was firebombed, killing his father, Vernon
Dahmer, Sr., and his subsequent involvement in the trials of the Ku Klux Klan
members who staged the bombing.
Moving Images
12 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (1:51:31) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0114_mv01-12
Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
afc2010039_crhp0114_ms01
Eddie Holloway oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, December 2, 2015
December 2, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Eddie Holloway was born in
Hattiesburg, Mississippi in 1952. While he grew up in Hattiesburg, he also
spent summers with family in Bessemer, Alabama. He enrolled at the University
of Southern Mississippi in 1970. After graduating, he was employed at William
Carey University and also worked in alcohol and drug treatment facilities. He
eventually returned to work at USM for 40 years before he retired. In that
time, he was the first African American to serve as Dean of Students, Assistant
Vice President for Student Affairs.
Summary: Eddie Holloway discusses growing up in
Hattiesburg, Mississippi, as well as his involvement in Freedom Schools and
other civil rights causes. He remembers his experiences as a child in a
segregated society and school system, attending University of Southern
Mississippi during its transition from a segregated to an integrated school,
and his observations of the current educational environment as Dean of Students
at USM.
Moving Images
9 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (2:13:09) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Glenda Funchess oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, December 2, 2015
December 2, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Glenda Funchess, born in 1954
in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, was one of the first African American children to
attend the previously segregated, predominately white schools in Hattiesburg.
She attended the participated in Freedom Summer and attended Freedom School at
Mt. Zion Baptist Church. She currently practices law in Hattiesburg and teaches
at the University of Southern Mississippi.
Summary: Glenda Funchess speaks about her childhood
in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. She remembers her experiences as one of the first
children to desegregate Hattiesburg schools, as well as her involvement in
Freedom Summer and at the Mount Zion Church Freedom School. She also discusses
the relationship between churches and the Civil Rights Movement, and current
civil rights activism and historical preservation.
Moving Images
6 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (1:23:57) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Nathaniel Hawthorne Jones oral
history interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Claiborne County, Mississippi,
December 3, 2015
December 3, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Nathaniel Hawthorne Jones was
born in Claiborne County, Mississippi in 1914.
Summary: Nathaniel Hawthorne Jones recalls his
involvement in the Civil Rights Movement, specifically the Port Gibson
Movement, in Mississippi. He discusses being drafted into the Navy in 1944 and
the racial discrimination he experienced in his role as a Steward Mate. During
the Port Gibson Movement, he was involved in the Port Gibson Merchant Boycotts,
organizing protests at Alcorn College, and participating in voter registration
activities.
Moving Images
12 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (1:53:28) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0117_mv01-12
Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
afc2010039_crhp0117_ms01
Leesco Guster oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Port Gibson, Mississippi, December 3, 2015
December 3, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Leesco Guster was born in 1936
in Port Gibson, Mississippi. After growing up in various places in Mississippi,
she briefly moved to Chicago before returning to Mississippi during the 1960s.
She was heavily involved in voter registration is a lifetime member of the
NAACP. She has operated a child day care center for over 30 years and continues
to be active in her church community.
Summary: Leesco Guster remembers experiencing
segregation growing up and working in Port Gibson, Mississippi, and Chicago,
Illinois. She recalls her work as an activist in Port Gibson, where she
canvassed for voting rights, boycotted segregated businesses, and joined the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). She also
discusses churches' role in the Civil Rights Movement and her participation in
the trial NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co.
Moving Images
7 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (1:15:13) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
afc2010039_crhp0118_ms01
Carolyn Miller and James Miller
oral history interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Port Gibson, Mississippi,
December 4, 2015
December 4, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: James E. Miller was born in
1949 and grew up in Port Gibson, Mississippi, where he met his wife, Carolyn
Miller, in the youth group of the NAACP and participated in the Port Gibson
boycotts. He was involved with Mississippi Cultural Crossroads and worked as
County Administrator in Claiborne County, Mississippi.
Biographical History: Carolyn Miller was born in
Alcorn, Mississippi in 1953 and grew up in Hermanville and Port Gibson,
Mississippi. She was involved in the youth chapter of the NAACP, where she met
her husband, James Miller, and she participated in the Port Gibson boycotts.
She taught at A. W. Watson elementary school, was involved in Mississippi
Cultural Crossroads, and was a library board member.
Summary: James and Carolyn Miller discuss their
experience of living in Port Gibson, Mississippi during the Port Gibson
Movement. They specifically reference the downtown merchant boycotts and how
race and class tensions impacted the local community. They discuss their
persistence in building interracial coalitions and emphasize the strength of
local community building, political accountability and leadership for the
sustainability of Port Gibson.
Moving Images
9 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (2:20:23) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0119_mv01-09
Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Patricia A. Crosby and David L.
Crosby oral history interview, with Worth W. Long, Carolyn Miller and James
Miller, conducted by Emilye Crosby in Port Gibson, Mississippi, December 4, 2015
December 4, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: David L. Crosby is a civil
rights activist. He co-founded Mississippi Cultural Crossroads in Port Gibson,
Mississippi in 1976.
Biographical History: Patricia A. Crosby is a civil
rights activist. She co-founded Mississippi Cultural Crossroads in Port Gibson,
Mississippi in 1976.
Biographical History: Worth W. Long was born in 1936
in Durham, North Carolina. He joined the Air Force around 1953. In 1959, he was
a student at Philander Smith College in Little Rock, Arkansas, he worked as a
medic at the Little Rock Air Force base, served on the executive board of the
Arkansas Council on Human Relations, and worked at Duke University Bale
Research Lab in Durham, North Carolina. He became involved with organizing
events in the civil rights movement as early as 1956, continuing through the
1960s, including participation in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC). After the height of the civil rights movement, he was involved in folk
music programming through the Smithsonian Folklife Festival, Delta Blues
Festival, Louisiana Zydeco Festival in South Carolina, Penn Center Heritage
Festival in Florida, and Zora Neale Hurston Festival. In 1977 he was funded by
the Ford Foundation Leadership and Development program to study folklife and
community empowerment with Alan Lomax at Columbia University. He joined the
Mississippi Cultural Crossroads Board in 1980.
Biographical History: Carolyn Miller was born in
Alcorn, Mississippi in 1953 and grew up in Hermanville and Port Gibson,
Mississippi. She was involved in the youth chapter of the NAACP, where she met
her husband, James Miller, and she participated in the Port Gibson boycotts.
She taught at A. W. Watson elementary school, was involved in Mississippi
Cultural Crossroads, and was a library board member.
Biographical History: James E. Miller was born in
1949 and grew up in Port Gibson, Mississippi, where he met his wife, Carolyn
Miller, in the youth group of the NAACP and participated in the Port Gibson
boycotts. He was involved with Mississippi Cultural Crossroads and worked as
County Administrator in Claiborne County, Mississippi.
Summary: Patricia and David Crosby discuss the
founding and subsequent work of the Mississippi Cultural Crossroads, a cultural
arts organization in Port Gibson. The organization was a legacy of the Civil
Rights Movement and it did important activist work in generating arts and
cultural activities and documenting and interpreting local movement history.
Worth Long, James and Carolyn Miller, who were involved in the organization
also participate in the interview.
Moving Images
8 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (03:19:54) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Charles McLaurin oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Indianola, Mississippi, December 5, 2015
December 5, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Charles McLaurin is a civil
rights advocate, born in Jackson, Mississippi in 1939. He joined the Army
Reserves in about 1955. He joined the civil rights movement in 1960, helped
register voters, and served as Fannie Lou Hamer's campaign manager when she ran
for Congress in 1964.
Summary: Charles McLaurin discusses his work as a
Civil Rights activist in the 1950's and 60's. He begins by discussing the
racism he experienced growing up and how this shaped his personal and political
values. McLaurin mainly describes working with African American voter
registration rights issues, SNCC, and the Freedom Riders. He describes how he
became a congressional officer for a number of years in Mississippi, working
closely with Fannie Lou Hamer as her congressional campaign manager. McLaurin
describes his involvement in a range of Mississippi-based protests, as well as
his experiences with the judicial system and his personal arrests.
Moving Images
14 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (4:36:56) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Worth W. Long oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Jackson, Mississippi, December 6, 2015
December 6, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Worth W. Long was born in 1936
in Durham, North Carolina. He joined the Air Force around 1953. In 1959, he was
a student at Philander Smith College in Little Rock, Arkansas, he worked as a
medic at the Little Rock Air Force base, served on the executive board of the
Arkansas Council on Human Relations, and worked at Duke University Bale
Research Lab in Durham, North Carolina. He became involved with organizing
events in the civil rights movement as early as 1956, continuing through the
1960s, including participation in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC). After the height of the civil rights movement, he was involved in folk
music programming through the Smithsonian Folklife Festival, Delta Blues
Festival, Louisiana Zydeco Festival in South Carolina, Penn Center Heritage
Festival in Florida, and Zora Neale Hurston Festival. In 1977 he was funded by
the Ford Foundation Leadership and Development program to study folklife and
community empowerment with Alan Lomax at Columbia University. He joined the
Mississippi Cultural Crossroads Board in 1980.
Summary: Worth W. Long largely discusses experiences
growing up in a household strongly connected to the African Methodist Episcopal
Zion Church. Long discusses churches as important aspects of community building
and as meeting spaces for the African American civil rights activists. He
recalls personal experiences participating in protest and other forms of
activism during the 1950's and 60's, including his participation with Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and other organizations involved in the Civil
Rights Movement. He discusses some of his community-based political
philosophies, and ends with a discussion of a powerful experience in the Kilby
prison in Alabama.
Moving Images
15 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (2:42:13) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0122_mv01-15
Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
afc2010039_crhp0122_ms01
Frankye Adams Johnson oral
history interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Jackson, Mississippi, December 6, 2015
December 6, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Frankye Adams-Johnson was born
in Pocahontas, Mississippi to a family of sharecroppers. As a teenager in
Jackson, Mississippi, she participated in the NAACP, COFO, and SNCC as a youth
organizer and was heavily involved in the Jackson civil rights movement in
1963. In 1964, she enrolled at Tougaloo College where she continued to be
involved in civil rights demonstrations. After moving to New York in 1967, she
co-organized the White Plains branch of the Black Panther Party. Adams-Johnson
became a college professor in the 1980s, and returned to Jackson from New York
in the late 1990s.
Summary: Frankye Adams-Johnson recalls her
involvement as a Civil Rights activist in the Jackson Movement. While a student
at Tougaloo College she became involved with SNCC, the Freedom Riders and the
March on Washington. Placing emphasis on the themes of racial consciousness,
gender and violence, she traces the evolution of her political role, concluding
with her involvement in the Black Panther Party.
Moving Images
4 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (1:27:28) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Betty Garman Robinson oral
history interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Baltimore, Maryland, December 8, 2015
December 8, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Betty Garman Robinson was born
on January 8, 1939 in New York City. She enrolled in Skidmore College in 1956
and became involved with NSA and attending National Student Congress meetings.
In 1960 she became the assistant vice-president of the NSA, organizing the
National Student Congress for the following summer where she first met members
from the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). In the fall of 1961 she
attended graduate school to study Political Science in Berkeley, California. In
November of 1963 she attended the Howard Conference in Washington, DC and was
recruited to join SNCC, leaving graduate school for a position with the
organization. Robinson then went to Mississippi for Freedom Summer in 1964 and
became the Northern Coordinator in the Greenwood Office. In 1965, she moved to
Washington, DC was involved in the Free DC Movement and the Bus Boycotts, and
later the anti-war movement and women's movement of the 1970's. She is
currently involved in Showing Up For Racial Justice (SURJ), an organization in
Baltimore that is committed to fighting structural inequity and racial
injustice.
Summary: Betty Garman Robinson shares her experience
in the Civil Rights Movement. She discusses her early involvement with the
National Student Association (NSA) and the Students for a Democratic Society
(SDS), before joining the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in
1963. Of her many roles, she recalls serving as a Northern Coordinator in
Greenwood, Mississippi during Freedom Summer 1964 and her later efforts that
focused on bringing federal programs into southern communities. She discusses
the role of women in SNCC and emphasizes the openness the organization had to
women taking initiative and the impact it had on her activism. Shedding light
on the on the inner organizational tensions of interracial relationships, the
attitudes of white communities, and her navigation of "white privilege" she
offers a unique perspective on the experience of role of white women in the
Civil Rights Movement.
Moving Images
10 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (2:44:05) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
afc2010039_crhp0124_ms01
Dorothy Zellner oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Baltimore, Maryland, December 8, 2015
December 8, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Dorothy "Dottie" Zellner was
born on January 14th, 1938 in New York City. She joined the NAACP in high
school, and later went to Miami, Florida to enroll in a CORE workshop, training
in non-violent organizing. Under CORE, she moved to New Orleans and was
involved with "casing" sites for sit-ins and outreach to the white community.
Dotty left CORE and was hired by the Southern Regional Council and moved to
Atlanta in June of 1961. Later that year, she became involved with SNCC,
organizing a Civil Liberties Workshop in the spring of 1963, and later marrying
her husband Bob Zellner the following August. In 1964 she moved to Boston with
her husband forming a Northeast Regional Office of SNCC while recruiting and
interviewing prospective volunteers for the Freedom Summer Project. In 1965,
Dottie had a daughter, and moved back to Atlanta with her new child and
husband. She and her husband wrote a Grassroots Organizing Work (GROW) proposal
to SNCC, to stay a part of the organization. She later moved to New Orleans to
work with Anne and Carl Braden of the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF)
for five years. Zellner worked as a nurse for several years before joining the
Center for Constitutional Rights in 1984. In 1998, she became director of
publications and development for the Queens College School of Law. She lectures
and writes frequently about the civil rights movement and co-edited Hands on
the Freedom Plow: Personal Accounts by Women in SNCC. As of 2014, she is
involved in advocacy work on behalf of Palestinians
Summary: Dorothy Zellner reflects on her experience
as one of the early organizers in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC). Offering a unique perspective as a white woman in a black-led
organization, she sheds light on the dynamics of race and gender in the Civil
Rights Movement. Detailing the efforts of her and her then husband Bob Zellner,
she discusses her involvement in organizing civil liberties workshops, forming
a Northeast Regional Office of SNCC, and her role in recruiting Northern
volunteers for the 1964 Freedom Summer Project. She discusses SNCC's decision
to exclude white workers by the late 1960s and reflects on the complexities of
this consensus. Emphasizing how SNCC was dynamic in its ability to function as
a non-racial community, she considers its deterioration an endured loss for
American society. She continues to pride SNCC as her life's work, to this
day.
Moving Images
21 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (3:03:01) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0125_mv01-21
Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
afc2010039_crhp0125_ms01
Timothy Jenkins oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Washington, DC, District of Columbia,
December 9, 2015
December 9, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Timothy Jenkins was born in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on December 30, 1938, and was raised in a family
invested in education. He received full tuition funding from a scholarship to
Howard University in 1956. He stayed connected to the university after he
graduated through his position as the National Affairs Vice President for the
United States National Student Association. This position is also how he got
involved with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). He later
went to law school at Yale, which was integral to his contributions to the
Civil Rights Movement. Jenkins' role in the SNCC summer meeting of 1961 was
particularly important in deciding to create Freedom Schools. He also attended
and helped organize the Greenwood Folk Festival, and other folk festivals. He
continues his involvement with law and racial justice.
Summary: Timothy Jones discusses his personal
experiences growing up in Philadelphia and in particular his experiences in
integrated school. He describes at length his experience attending Howard
University, and why Howard was so important to the Civil Rights Movement. He
describes how he became a lawyer, and his political involvement with the Civil
Rights Movement as an African American lawyer. Jenkins discusses some of the
nuances of the political climate of the 1960s, and how that influenced SNCC's
decision-making process. Jenkins concludes the interview by recalling the three
events that he felt he directly affected the course of history.
Moving Images
6 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (02:20:40) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
afc2010039_crhp0126_ms01
Judy Richardson oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Silver Spring, Maryland, December 9, 2015
December 9, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Judy Richardson was born on
March 10, 1944, in Tarrytown, New York. In 1962 she was one of eight black
students accepted into Swarthmore College and was involved with the Students
for Democratic Society's (SDS) chapter named the Swarthmore Political Action
Committee (SPAC). From 1963 to 1965, she held various positions with the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), including moving around the
country for demonstrations, executive secretarial duties, and proposing
Residential Freedom Schools. She left work to attend Columbia University in New
York City, and eventually worked with Drum and Spear Bookstore in Washington,
DC. She was involved in the production of the documentary Eyes on the Prize and
works with the SNCC Legacy Project at Duke University.
Summary: Judy Richardson was born on March 10, 1944.
As one of eight black students accepted into Swarthmore College in 1962, she
recalls her initial involvement in the Civil Rights Movement, attending mass
meetings and participating in freedom rides in the Cambridge, Maryland
Movement. She discusses her decision to join the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC), where she served as a secretary for then
executive secretary, Jim Forman. She recalls her involvement with Freedom
Summer 1964 and her proposal to organize a SNCC Residential Freedom School in
1965. After leaving SNCC, she discusses her involvement with Julian Bond's
all-black political party in Lowndes County where she served as a temporary
head of communications. She discusses her later community organizing efforts in
Washington, DC and her current involvement with the SNCC Legacy Project at Duke
University.
Moving Images
13 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (03:37:49) : digital, sound, color
afc2010039_crhp0127_mv01-13
Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
afc2010039_crhp0127_ms01
Juadine Henderson oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Washington, DC, District of Columbia,
December 3, 2015
December 3, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Juadine Henderson was born in
Batesville, Mississippi and attended church regularly growing up. She learned
about the NAACP, SNCC, and the Freedom Songs through her church. In June of
1963 she went to Greenwood, Mississippi with John Smith of SNCC to attend a one
week voter registration workshop, and shortly after decided to join the
movement and began work with voter registration programs. Henderson was
arrested on multiple occasions because of her involvement with the Civil Rights
Movement. She attended Bishop College, George Washington University, and
Columbia University at different points in her life. She eventually moved to
Washington DC, first working with Drum and Spear bookstore, and then became a
journalist; a career she held for twenty eight years.
Summary: Juadine Henderson recalls her initial
interaction with Frank Smith, a member of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC) in 1963, and his influence on her decision to attend a voter
registration workshop in Greenswood, Mississippi. She discusses how exposure to
the movement was instrumental to her later decisions to become involved with
the Freedom Labor Union, work on voter registration projects on plantations
throughout Mississippi and attend the Poor People's Campaign in Washington, DC.
She discusses her multiple arrests, participation in movement activities, and
how the role of the church, freedom songs, and "black beauty" served as
empowering symbols to affirming her identity as a black woman in the
movement.
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8 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
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Freddie Greene Biddle oral
history interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Washington, DC, District of
Columbia, December 10,
2015
December 10, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Freddie Greene was born in was
born in Greenwood, Mississippi on February 15, 1945 where she experienced
firsthand segregation. She attended mass meetings in 1962 when SNCC came to
Greenwood, Mississippi and was involved with the organizing efforts for the
discontinuation of food being sent to Leflore County. Later on, Greene went to
Dillard University in New Orleans where she became involved with Tulane
University's Student Group and met Cathy Cage. Greene went to McComb,
Mississippi during Freedom Summer 1964 and attended the National Democratic
Convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey. She left Dillard University to
continue her work with voter registration for African Americans. She was
arrested for her demonstration efforts. She later moved to Atlanta, Georgia to
work in the SNCC office and was involved with the switchboard and financing. In
the summer of 1968, Freddie left SNCC and moved to Washington, D.C, where she
started working with the United Neighborhood Youth Program.
Summary: Freddie Greene was born in Greenwood,
Mississippi on February 15, 1945. She discusses how living in a segregated
community exposed her to the early efforts of the Civil Rights Movement. She
reflects on her decision to leave Greenwood and attend Dillard University in
New Orleans in 1962. Feeling disconnected with the movement, she became a
participant in the McComb project during Freedom Summer 1964. After returning
to school post-Freedom Summer, she decided to leave and joined the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in 1965. She discusses her involvement
working on voting registration and canvassing, as well as her role of working
on the switchboard and in finance in SNCC's Atlanta Office.
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6 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
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1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Reginald Robinson oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Washington, District of Columbia, December 11, 2015
December 11, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Reginald Robinson was born in
Baltimore, Maryland in 1939. After leaving high school during the eleventh
grade to work, he eventually attended Cortez Peters Business College, where he
first got involved in civil rights through the student organization, Civic
Interest Group. He quickly became involved with the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1961. Working for SNCC as a field secretary,
his duties focused on supporting voter registration in McComb, Mississippi and
Cambridge, Maryland. After SNCC, he worked multiple jobs around the country
before finally settling in Washington, DC, where he eventually retired in
2001.
Summary: Reginald "Reg" Robinson shares his
experience of working for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
and how he became known as an "advance man" throughout the Civil Rights
Movement. Beginning with his involvement with the student-led Civic Interest
Group in Baltimore, Maryland, he discusses how his involvement with the
Cambridge Movement led him to becoming a field secretary for SNCC. He recalls
how Voter Education Programs and various recruitment activities of SNCC
epitomized the rule of "building and growing" and prides himself for remaining
committed to ensuring civil rights today.
Moving Images
10 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Jennifer Lawson oral history
interview conducted by Emilye Crosby in Washington, DC, District of Columbia,
December 11, 2015
December 11, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Jennifer Lawson was born in
June of 1946, in Fairfield, Alabama and encountered racial segregation as a
young child. Lawson later attended Tuskegee College. In the summer of 1963 she
moved to New York City to pursue an internship at Sloan Kettering Center and in
the summer of 1964 pursued a Research Aide role, meanwhile attending
demonstrations to protest Martin Luther King in Birmingham Jail. While at
Tuskegee she was involved with the student group that worked on desegregating
Macon County and mobilizing voting registration. After Freedom Summer 1964, she
went to Jackson, Mississippi to work on voter registration, and later left
school in the Spring of 1966 to join SNCC and work in Wilcox County. After she
left SNCC, she worked at the National Council of Negro Women and worked with
Dorothy Height and Fanny Lou Hamer. She was involved with designing the symbol
of the Black Panther for the Lowndes County Party, and created political
education material through art. Lawson was elected to the central coordinating
committee of SNCC, and then moved to Atlanta. At the time when SNCC began to
adopt racial separatism, she left the organization. She attended Columbia
University to pursue art in formal education, and studied film, working in
public television for the last thirty years. Lawson is active in volunteering
with the SNCC Legacy Project today.
Summary: Jennifer Lawson shares her experience
throughout the Civil Rights Movement. She discusses her decision to leave
college to join the movement, and her involvement with voter registration
activities in Mississippi. She joined the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC) in 1966 and was elected to the organization's central
coordinating committee. She shares her role in designing the Black Panther
symbol and campaign materials for the Lowndes Country Freedom Organization
(later the Black Panther Party). She reflects on the issues surrounding racial
separatism and her decision to leave organizational efforts in search of other
activist work, including joining the National Council of Negro Women (NCNW).
She recalls going to Cuba and being involved with art programs that celebrated
African and Cuban heritage and moved to Tanzania from 1970-1972 and became part
of a writer's group with Walter Rodney. She later attended Columbia University
to merge her interest in civil rights activism and art, and pursued a film
degree.
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1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Dion Diamond oral history
interview conducted by David Cline in Washington, District of Columbia, December 13, 2015
December 13, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Dion Diamond was born in
Petersburg, Virginia in 1941. Growing up in the segregated community of
Petersburg, he began doing sit-ins, often by himself. He enrolled in Howard
University in 1959, where he was a founding member of Nonviolent Action Group,
staging protests at Glen Echo, Maryland and Arlington, Virginia. He also was a
part of the Freedom Riders and was a field secretary for the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in Mississippi and Louisiana from 1961 to 1963.
During this time, he was arrested over 30 times. He later attended the
University of Wisconsin and earned a graduate degree from Harvard
University.
Summary: Dion Diamond discusses his activism and
experiences during the Civil Rights Movement. He remembers growing up in
segregated Petersburg, Virginia, and attending Howard University, where he
began organizing for civil rights. He also recalls his work in Mississippi and
Louisiana as a Freedom Rider and activist, his studies at University of
Wisconsin and Harvard University, and his later career. Finally, he speaks
about contemporary activism and rights issues.
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7 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
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1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Joseph Howell and Embry Howell
oral history interview conducted by David Cline in Washington, District of
Columbia, December 13,
2015
December 13, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Embry Howell was born in 1945
in Bethesda, Maryland. She grew up in Davidson, North Carolina and attended
Davidson College before transferring to Barnard College. She later attended
graduate school at the University of North Carolina. She earned a Ph.D. in
Public Policy from George Washington University. She has had a long career as a
health policy researcher, primarily at the Urban Institute in Washington, D.C.
She worked for SNCC in Southwest Georgia during the summer of 1966.
Biographical History: Joseph Howell was born in 1942
in the suburb of Belle Meade in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1964 while a student
Davidson College, he organized a civil rights march in Charlotte. He went on to
attend Union Theological Seminary and the University of North Carolina where he
earned a planning degree. He worked for SNCC in Southwest Georgia during the
summer of 1966. He is the author of
Civil Rights Journey : The Story of a White Southerner Coming of Age
during the Civil Rights Revolution
(2011) which details his experience working with the civil rights
movement.
Summary: Joseph and Embry Howell recall the summer
of 1966 in Southern Georgia. Recruited by Charlie Sherrod of the Student
Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) they discuss the complexities they
encountered from embodying a white identity, most significantly through their
experience of living with a black family in the South. They emphasize how
changing racial perception and power influenced a shift in SNCC's tactic of
nonviolence, ultimately leading to greater forms of militancy under ideologies
of Black Power. In spite of the complicated nature of navigating racial
tension, they remained committed to working with voting registration
activities, organizing efforts, and the Head Start program and were guided by
the belief of helping others.
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6 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
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1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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E. Maynard Moore oral history
interview conducted by David. P. Cline in Washington, District of Columbia,
December 14, 2015
December 14, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Reverend E. Maynard Moore was
born in Petersburg, Virginia in 1938. In his youth, he was generally unaware of
the segregation in his community. As a teenager, he participated in the
Methodist Student Movement and began to interact with black students in other
Methodist groups and became aware of civil rights issues. After attending
undergraduate college at Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, Virginia, he went
to seminary school at Southern Methodist University in 1959. He participated in
sit-ins in the Dallas area and worked with migrant communities during summer
breaks. In 1964, he was accepted to the University of Chicago Divinity School
to do doctoral work. During this time, he and classmates drove from Chicago to
join the march to Montgomery for the last few miles. In 1966, he became the
national coordinator for Student Interracial Ministry. For most of his career,
he has focused on urban ministry projects.
Summary: Maynard E. Moore shares his experience in
the Civil Rights Movement as a minister and how the intersection of religion
and education provided an opportunity for racial integration. He recalls his
involvement in the Methodist Student Movement from his early career as a
migrant camp worker, to later pursuits in doctoral education, up to his
participation in the Selma march. Emphasizing the commitment to non-violence,
he discusses how religion grounded the efforts of Civil Rights activists, was
used as a tactic to navigate racial tension in the South, and inspired the
growth and mobilization of student-led action groups.
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9 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
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1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Julius W. Becton oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Ft. Belvoir, Virginia, December 15, 2015
December 15, 2015
Digital content available
Biographical History: Lieutenant General Julius W.
Becton, Jr., United States Army, retired, was born in 1926 in Bryn Mawr,
Pennsylvania. He joined the Army Air Corps in July 1944 and graduated from
Infantry Officer Candidate School in 1945. Becton originally separated from the
Army in 1946, but he returned to active duty in 1948 when the Army was
officially desegregated. Eventually, rising to the rank of Lieutenant General,
he served during both the Korean War and the Vietnam War, and retired from the
U.S. Army in 1983 after nearly 40 years of service. After retirement, he has
held numerous positions including: Director of Disaster Assistance for the
Agency for International Development (AID), the director of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), president of Prairie View A&M
University, and Superintendent for the District of Columbia school system.
Summary: Julius W. Becton recalls events that led to
his service in the military. He highlights being the first African American to
hold many of his positions in academics, the military and post-military career.
Emphasizing how the integration of the military influenced his attitude towards
racial issues, he offers a unique perspective on the Civil Rights Movement. He
expresses deep pride for his efforts to advance himself, his family, race, and
country through his military service.
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1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Gloria Arellanes oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in El Monte, California, June 26, 2016
June
26, 2016
Digital content available
Biographical History: Gloria Arellanes was born in
East Los Angeles in 1946. As a child, her family purchased a home in El Monte,
California, where she experienced racism. Her father was a Mexican immigrant
and her mother was Tongva Indian, but her parents encouraged her to identify as
Chicana in school. After graduating high school, Gloria became involved in
community work with Youth Temporary Employment Project (YTEP) and Neighborhood
Adult Participation Project (NAPP). In 1967, she became involved with the Brown
Berets and the Chicano movement, running the Brown Beret free clinic. After
leaving the Brown Berets, she has focused on her indigenous roots and has been
an active member of her tribe.
Summary: Gloria Arellanes talks about her life
growing up in California, finding her way to the Brown Berets and participation
in the Poor People's Campaign (1968) in Washington, DC. She also talks about
her exploration of her roots and identity in an indigenous community.
Moving Images
9 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (1:34:55) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Michael D. McCarty oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Los Angeles, California, June 26, 2016
June
26, 2016
Digital content available
Biographical History: Michael D. "Mac" McCarty was
born in 1950 in Chicago. As a young man, he attended St. Ignatius College Prep,
where he started a Black Student Union, and he was subsequently expelled for
his involvement in protests. In 1968, he joined the Black Panther Party as part
of the education cadre. He left the party after the assassination of Fred
Hampton. He joined the Army in 1972 to avoid being a target of the FBI. After
leaving the military, he became an acupuncturist. Since 1992, he has been a
professional storyteller.
Summary: Michael "Mac" McCarty talks about joining
the Black Panther Party (BPP) in Chicago, IL. He discusses racism in Chicago
and the leadership of Fred Hampton of the Party and the beginnings of the
Rainbow Coalition that brought together African Americans and Appalachian
whites. He recalls the circumstances under which Hampton was assassinated in
1968 at the age of 21 by the COINTELPRO operation of the FBI.
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8 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (1:37:09) : digital, sound, color
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1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Norma Mtume oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Los Angeles, California, June 27, 2016
June
27, 2016
Digital content available
Biographical History: Norma Stoker Mtume was born in
1949 in San Diego, CA. She moved to South Central Los Angeles at the age of
four. After graduating from high school in 1967, she attended Cal State LA and
became involved in the Black Student Union and met her first husband, Albert
Armour. Through Armour, she became involved with the Black Panther Party. She
worked in free clinics in LA and Berkeley in the 1970s. She went on to work for
non-profit community health organizations including SHIELDS for Families.
Summary: Norma Mtume talks about her involvement
with the Black Panther Party (BPP); her work in the free medical clinics
established by the BPP and her incarceration on trumped-up charges orchestrated
by the COINTELPRO initiative of the FBI. She talks of her subsequent work to
establish city-wide free health-care programs
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8 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (1:25:12) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Carlos Montes oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Alhambra, California, June 27, 2016
June
27, 2016
Digital content available
Biographical History: Carlos Montes was born in 1947
in El Paso, Texas. He was raised in Juarez, Mexico for part of his childhood,
and moved to Los Angeles in 1956. While attending East L.A. Community College,
he became involved with various Chicano organizations and eventually co-founded
the Brown Berets. He was an organizer of the Chicano Blowouts in East L.A., and
he participated in numerous protests including the Poor People's Campaign. In
1970 he fled the country and lived underground for several years in both Juarez
and El Paso. Since returning to L.A. in 1980, he has been involved with
immigration reform, Chicano rights, freeing political prisoners, and community
organizing.
Summary: Carlos Montes, founding member of the Brown
Berets, talks about his decades-long involvement and activism in the Brown
Berets, the Brown Power movement, MEChA, the East L.A. blowouts, the Chicano
moratorium against the Vietnam War, the anti-Iraq war protests, his political
persecution at the hands of federal and local authorities. He recounts
participating in the inter-racial coalition that occupied the Mall in
Washington, DC, for the Poor People's Campaign (1968), and the ways in which
that experience opened up the consciousness of the Brown Berets to the global
struggle against class oppression and imperialism. He talks about the
circumstances of his arrest on arson charges in 1969, and having to flee the
country in the face of relentless, racist persecution of himself and other
Chicano activists. He recalls community action programs and events that
challenged the Brown Power movement.
Moving Images
9 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (2:18:32) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Mateo Camarillo oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in National City, California, June 28, 2016
June
28, 2016
Digital content available
Biographical History: Mateo Camarillo was born in
1941 in Tijuana, Mexico. His family moved to San Diego, CA when he was 10 years
old where he attended school. While attending San Diego State University, he
became a naturalized citizen of the United States. After graduating from
college in 1965, he volunteered to join the U.S. Army, and he served for two
years in Europe. Upon returning to San Diego, he became a social worker. He
formed the San Diego chapter of Trabajadores de la Raza and worked to establish
bilingual pay programs. After serving as Executive Director of the Chicano
Federation, in 1976 he went into private business development in several
different fields including bilingual radio stations.
Summary: Mateo R. Camarillo talks of his involvement
in a range of civil rights campaigns in and around the San Diego area, since
the 1960s, including fair housing, police-community tensions, collaboration and
cooperation with city officials on these issues. He recalls racism in the south
during his service years in Vietnam. Finally, he talks about his
entrepreneurial work in recent years.
Moving Images
11 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (2:02:53) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Harold K. Brown oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in San Diego, California, June 28, 2016
June
28, 2016
Digital content available
Biographical History: Harold K. Brown was born in
1934 in York, Pennsylvania where he attended segregated elementary school and
integrated junior high and high schools. After joining the Army for two years,
he eventually attended San Diego State University where he became involved in
student government. After graduating in 1960, he became involved with Congress
of Racial Equality (CORE). He became deputy director for the Peace Corps in
Lesotho, Africa. He returned to the United States after Martin Luther King,
Jr.'s assassination. After a short time in New York, he was hired to develop
the Afro American Studies department at San Diego State. He went on to hold
several different positions, including Associate Dean of the College of
Business Administration, at his alma mater. Since retiring in 2004, he has
continued work in economic engagement and real estate development.
Summary: Harold "Hal" K. Brown talks about his
activist work in obtaining housing and voting rights for San Diego's African
American communities. He also discusses his time working in Apartheid-era
Lesotho with the Peace Corps, his tenure as chairman of San Diego's CORE
branch, and his thoughts on contemporary activism and racial and economic
inequality.
Moving Images
9 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (2:19:43) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Roberta Alexander oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in San Diego, California, June 29, 2016
June
29, 2016
Digital content available
Biographical History: Roberta Alexander was born in
1946 in Berkeley, California. As a college student in the Bay Area, she was
arrested in the Free Speech movement protests in 1964, and then kicked out of
Francoist Spain for protesting the Vietnam War there in 1967. She joined the
Black Panther Party and was in the party for one year in the late sixties.
Among her assignments was one that called for her to go Japan in 1969 with
Elbert "Big Man" Howard to speak at rallies and demonstrations in Japan by
organizations protesting the Vietnam War. She took her activism into teaching
and taught Reading, Composition, Literature, Chicano Studies, and Black Studies
as well as English as a Second Language courses for the San Diego Community
College District beginning in 1974. She is a labor activist and delegate for
the AFT Guild, Local 1931. Dr. Alexander earned her BA in Spanish Literature
from University of California, Berkeley and her PhD in Comparative Literature
from University of California, San Diego. Her son, also an activist teacher and
a Muslim, leads inter-faith workshops and initiatives in San Diego.
Summary: Dr. Roberta Alexander, Professor Emeritus
at San Diego City College, talks about her family background in California, her
mixed-race heritage, and activist roots, including her time with the Black
Panther Party.
Moving Images
9 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (02:10:06) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Maria Varela oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Pasadena, California, June 29, 2016
June
29, 2016
Digital content available
Biographical History: Maria Varela was born in 1940
in Newell, Pennsylvania. She attended college at Alverno College in Milwaukee,
where she was student body president and became aware of Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee (SNCC) while attending the National Student Association
Congress. She later joined SNCC and worked in Selma, Alabama and Mississippi as
a photographer and media creator. In 1968, she moved to New Mexico where she
worked with the Land Grant Movement and the Chicano Press Association. Varela
received her M.A. from the University of Massachusetts-Amherst in 1982. She
later became a visiting professor at Colorado College and then adjunct
professor at University of New Mexico. She helped organize rural development
and founded Los Ganados del Valle and helped found Tierra Wools co-op, which
re-introduced native sheep stock to Hispano and Native American land-holders
and small ranchers.
Summary: Activist and MacArthur fellow, Maria
Varela, recalls her role in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC), discussing her work in organizing adult literacy programs in
Mississippi and her role as one of SNCC's only female photographers. Offering a
Mexican American perspective of the Civil Rights Movement, she identifies how
SNCC embraced multiculturalism, extending its activism to include the Chicano
Movement. She reflects on her transition from SNCC into the Chicano Movement,
including her participation in the Land Grant Movement and the Poor People's
Campaign in 1968.
Moving Images
15 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (1:40:46) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Ericka C. Huggins oral history
interview conducted by David P. Cline in Oakland, California, June 30, 2016
June
30, 2016
Digital content available
Biographical History: Ericka Huggins was born Ericka
Jenkins in 1948 in Washington, D.C. Huggins was the youngest of three. After
graduating high school in 1966, she attended Cheyney State College and from
there enrolled at Lincoln University, an HBCU in Philadelphia, where she met
her husband, Vietnam veteran John Huggins. Both moved to California after
reading about the Black Panther Party in Ramparts magazine, and joined the BPP
in 1967. After her husband's assassination in 1969, she became a leader in the
Los Angeles chapter and later led the Black Panther Party chapter in New Haven,
CT. She was the Director of the Black Panther Party's Oakland Community School
from 1973-1981. Huggins was a Professor of Sociology at Laney College in
Oakland and at Berkeley City College. In addition, she has lectured at
Stanford, Cornell, and UCLA. Huggins holds a master's degree in Sociology.
Summary: Ericka Huggins discusses joining the Los
Angeles Chapter of the Blank Panther Party in 1967. She shares her involvement
with community survival programs such as the People's Free Medical Clinics and
Breakfast Programs. Sharing how these programs were often undervalued and
overlooked by the suspicions of the police and the FBI, she sheds considerable
light on the turbulent experience of being a Panther woman. In spite of the
assassination of her husband and being imprisoned multiple times on conspiracy
charges, she emphasizes the importance of remaining resilient and committed to
issues of racial injustice and remains active in civic organizations today.
Moving Images
13 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (1:52:50) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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Elbert "Big Man" Howard oral
history interview conducted by David P. Cline in Santa Rosa, California, June 30, 2016
June
30, 2016
Digital content available
Biographical History: Elbert "Big Man" Howard was
born in Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1938. After serving four years in the
military, he enrolled in Merritt College in Oakland, where he met Bobby Seale
and Huey P. Newton. Together they founded the Black Panther Party. As one of
the Party's early organizers, he played a key role in creating the Ten-Point
Program, organizing defense committees and developing programs and
opportunities for activism. After leaving the party in the 1970s, he returned
to the South and worked in retail in various locations for several years.
Eventually he returned to California where he wrote, lectured, and was a jazz
disc jockey.
Summary: Elbert "Big Man" Howard founded the Black
Panther Party in Oakland with Huey P. Newton, Bobby Seale and others in 1965.
Howard speaks of the Party's accomplishments in establishing the free community
food programs, free medical clinics, and other service initiatives. He recounts
the harassment by the FBI's COINTELPRO initiative, and recounts instances of
everyday racist oppression by the state and local officials. Howard talks about
the failed attempt by the Panthers to negotiate a peaceful resolution to the
Attica Prison Uprising (NY) in 1971. Howard talks of his leaving the
organization due to various pressures and internal conflicts that eventually
led to the demise of the Party.
Moving Images
9 video files (Apple ProRes 422 HQ, QuickTime
wrapper) (2:13:36) : digital, sound, color
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Manuscripts
1 transcript (.pdf) : text file
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